Regional and sectoral economy
2-13
The article discusses the importance of Career Centres in preparing competitive graduates in a dynamic labour market. The key functions of Career Centres are described, including labour market analysis and interaction with employers, consulting and support for students and graduates in job search, training in supra-professional skills, organisation of career events, etc. The importance of adapting students‘ educational trajectories to employers’ requirements and providing them with practical experience through internships is emphasised. In conclusion, it is noted that university career centres play a crucial role in providing graduates with the necessary skills and resources to successfully start their career path.The purpose of the study is to substantiate the role of university career centres in shaping the competitiveness of graduates in the modern labour market. The authors' proposed model of interaction of the Career Centre with other elements of the higher education system and subjects of the labour market has scientific novelty. The material of the article can be useful to the executive authorities, supervising the issues of formation of control figures of admission and targeted recruitment and working in the field of employment, researchers on the indicated problems, as well as specialists involved in the creation and development of Career Centres of universities, as well as employers.
13-23
The article examines the development of Omsk as a multimodal logistics hub, which is a strategically important area in the context of globalization and the strengthening of integration processes in the Eurasian space. The potential of the Ob-Irtysh river route is analyzed to optimize logistics processes and reduce the cost of transporting goods.The relevance of the research is determined by the need to develop integrated approaches to the development of multimodal routes, taking into account river communication. The purpose of the study is to analyze the possibilities and prospects for the development of a multimodal logistics route in the Omsk region. To achieve this goal, tasks have been set to analyze the state of the logistics complex, identify factors affecting the development of multimodal routes, and develop recommendations for improving the transport infrastructure.The study revealed that the existing regulatory documents are insufficient for the integrated development of a multimodal route, taking into account river traffic. The state of the port facilities is shown. The key aspects related to the location of the Ob-Irtysh river route and the resources extracted in the territory of the Ob-Irtysh basin are presented. The statistics of trade turnover between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China are also analyzed. The problems of the development of the Ob-Irtysh river route have been studied. The possibility of creating a multimodal logistics hub in the Omsk region is considered. The importance of creating a digital transport platform for coordinating the work of operators of different modes of transport was emphasized. The analysis of the workload of railway and automobile transport in the Omsk transport hub is carried out. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of applying the developed recommendations for the modernization of logistics and customs hubs, as well as to justify investments in the development of river transport. The study contributes to the theory of logistics and transport strategy by offering an integrated approach to the development of transport infrastructure and emphasizing the importance of digital technologies in coordinating multimodal transportation.
23-29
Investments in innovation have become key factors for achieving sustainable economic growth and increasing
the competitiveness of countries in the modern world. Innovations cover all spheres of life, from technology to social
processes, and have a significant impact on economic development. According to the global Innovation Index, many states
have increased investments in research and development (R&D). And the railway industry is no exception. Railway transport
is an integral part of the modern transport system, which provides mass transportation of people and goods. As traffic
volumes grow and transport networks become more complex, there is a need for new technologies that can improve the
efficiency and safety of rail transport. The introduction of digitalization in the railway industry highlights the need to integrate
big data to optimize processes such as route planning, traffic management and infrastructure monitoring. The article
examines the prospects for the development of railway transport using Big Data technologies, focuses on their impact on the
efficiency of transportation management and improving the quality of service. The study includes an analysis of existing Big
Data application practices and the advantages of such implementations, as well as the trends of these technologies and the
benefits of investing in Big Data. The importance of further development of Big Data technologies in the railway industry as a
key element of digital transformation, contributing to the competitiveness and sustainability of transport systems, is also
emphasized. The results of the study can be useful for practitioners and researchers interested in current trends and prospects of digitalization of railway transport.
30-40
The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of digitalization on the development of the regional labor market and the formation of a model for adapting the labor market to the digital economy. The article considers the initial prerequisites for the formation of problems in the functioning of regional labor markets, based on the ongoing processes of digital economy formation. The main directions of state policy (ongoing national projects) are listed, which make it possible to smooth fluctuations in supply and demand for labor in the context of the introduction and spread of digital processes, and the positive and negative consequences of digitalization for the labor market are identified.Based on analytical and statistical materials, the characterization of digitalization processes in the Russian economy is given. The main processes taking place in the labor and industrial sphere under the conditions of digitalization are identified, related to the growth of automation and robotization of workplaces, the emergence of digital twins, the spread of digital and remote employment platforms, the expansion of opportunities to improve digital skills, changing perceptions of workplaces and ways of obtaining information, and the growing number of active Internet users among households. farms and firms, development and use of software products, reformatting relations in the "employer – employee" system.An analysis of the dynamics of the labor force, employed and unemployed, the population structure of the Omsk region and migration processes revealed the key problems of the regional labor market: the deformation of the population structure with a decrease in the proportion of the population younger than working age and in working age, as well as the problem of population outflow from the region. The indicators of digitalization are analyzed and an overview of digital economy projects implemented in the Omsk region is made.Based on the identified problems, a model of strategic development of the education system has been developed for the balanced development of the regional labor market in the digital economy, involving a simultaneous assessment of the state of development of the region, the labor market and companies, which will lead to the formation of a request for a strategy of advanced education for each level and the development of tools for state regulation and support of the education system.
Finance
40-48
This article is a comprehensive analysis of the prospects and current state of digital mortgage development in Russia. It provides detailed market research, including an assessment of the growth dynamics of the share of electronically issued mortgage loans and the volume of financing. The authors consider in detail the advantages of the transition to digital technologies in the mortgage sector, such as improving the efficiency of application processing, improving the availability of mortgage loans to a wide range of borrowers, as well as reducing various risks associated with traditional methods. The article also focuses on the significant problems that currently hinder the widespread adoption of digital technologies in the field of mortgage lending in Russia. Among them are the lack of qualified IT and financial technology specialists, the outdated and insufficiently integrated IT infrastructure of many banks, the difficulties and bureaucratic obstacles in obtaining electronic digital signatures (EDS) for borrowers, as well as the imperfection of the regulatory framework governing digital mortgages. For a more complete understanding of the situation, the article provides a comparative analysis of the development of the Russian digital mortgage market with the experience of other countries. In particular, the successful experience of the United States is being considered, where the introduction of innovative technologies such as remote real estate valuation and electronic signature has led to significant growth and popularity of online mortgages. In addition, the article provides a detailed analysis of the successful digital mortgage project in Kazakhstan implemented by Freedom Finance Bank, where the use of advanced technologies, including electronic digital signature and blockchain, has significantly simplified and accelerated the mortgage loan processing process.This article will be useful to a wide range of readers, including specialists in the financial sector, developers of digital solutions, representatives of government agencies, as well as anyone interested in the development of financial technologies and innovations in the field of mortgage lending.
48-55
The concept of «goodwill» is used extensively in business speech, but few people can give a proper description of what goodwill actually is. The term is applied at an interdisciplinary level in accounting, economics, law, marketing, sociology or human resources management. Goodwill has certain characteristics that distinguish it from other economic resources, which affect the way it is accounted for. Goodwill is considered to be a rather complex accounting issue under IFRS and US GAAP. However, goodwill is recognized as one of the largest items in the consolidated balance sheets of companies prepared under international standards, and in some cases even exceeds group equity. This high level of goodwill has a significant impact on the presentation of a company's net assets, financial position and results of operations. For Russian accountants, goodwill is a new object of accounting and an element of financial statements, which raises a lot of questions related to its identification and recognition. To date, there are no scientific and practical recommendations devoted to goodwill, and there are not enough applied developments that would provide explanations on its accounting. The article describes the economic essence and accounting concept of goodwill, gives a brief historical review of the emergence and development of the category of «goodwill» from the accounting point of view, considers the types of goodwill and factors affecting its value, analyzes the information on the book value of goodwill in the public statements of a number of Russian corporations. The paper reflects the results of a study of publications on goodwill accounting in Russian periodicals over the last seven years. The author concluded that the peak of publication activity in this accounting area in Russia was in 2018 and the need to develop methodological recommendations on goodwill accounting is overdue.
Management
56-64
The article considers the problem of insufficient representation in the scientific literature of approaches to the interpretation of startup culture, its formation in the educational process during the preparation of students for project-oriented higher education programs. As a result, there is a practical problem, namely, insufficient attention to the creation of prerequisites for the emergence and development of startup culture in the educational process. To contribute to solving this problem, the authors conducted a study aimed at studying the impact of students' project activities in a project-oriented program on the formation of a startup culture. Within the framework of the goal, a theoretical substantiation of the concepts of a project and a startup, their connections and differences from each other, as well as an interpretation of the concept of startup culture in general and startup culture in the educational process is given. This has become the methodological basis for conducting empirical research aimed at achieving this goal. The method of empirical research was a questionnaire survey with full coverage of the general population, which selected students enrolled in the bachelor's degree program "Project Management in Innovative Entrepreneurship" at the Dostoevsky Omsk State University. The research results are presented, proving that training in a project-oriented program, the development of project competencies and the development of certain project management functions contribute to the formation of a startup culture in an educational environment. Thus, a link has been established between the launch and implementation of a project-oriented program, the implementation of startups by students, on the one hand, and the development of startup culture as desirable behavioral patterns, on the other hand. This contributes to the solution of the problem outlined above and allows us to develop the topic of the formation of startup culture in the higher education system.
65-72
The growing importance of Internet marketing and its active popularization, associated with the steady trend of digitalization and the transition of business to a digital communications environment, determine the practical significance and prospects of studying the tools for organizing marketing activities of companies in a digital environment. The purpose of the work is to develop an algorithm for implementing the process of improving search marketing in an online environment, including an optimal list of actions presented in accordance with the logical sequence of their implementation. Descriptive, structural, functional and systematic methods served as the methodological basis, which made it possible to form the necessary information and analytical base and the appropriate algorithm of actions. The main theoretical results consist in clarifying the interpretation of search marketing, considered from the perspective of a two-pronged complementary approach. Consideration of the main aspects of the conceptual framework provides a theoretical conceptual orientation in the study of search marketing as a business philosophy that forms the necessary way of thinking with a focus on the digital space. Along with this, a mandatory component is the presence of a practical technological orientation in the study of search marketing as a business function that forms a way of acting in the market, involving the use of certain means and methods. The need to adapt to the ever-increasing changes in the digital space, which should be considered as a key success factor in the modern (rather unstable and with a high level of uncertainty) competitive online environment, actualizes the expediency of continuous development of Internet marketing technologies and determines the applied importance of developing an algorithm of actions that ensures the practical implementation of the process of improving search marketing. The material of the article may be useful to researchers dealing with the issue under consideration, and specialists in the field of Internet marketing
73-81
At present, enterprises in our country have a particularly difficult time adapting to external factors and changes in the domestic market in order to successfully operate and survive under sanctions and other restrictions.At the same time, many large organizations due to their size are subject to the problem of bureaucracy, which does not allow them to quickly restructure and adapt to different conditions, i.e. to be flexible. Flexibility may not have such a significant impact on large enterprises due to their hierarchical structure, which may have gone through dozens of crises, and they have the ability to absorb smaller and more progressive market players, borrowing their solutions, but such approaches may not always work. The paper considers approaches to increase organizational flexibility without fundamental changes and their restructuring, and raises the question of reuse of these practices in different spheres. These approaches were obtained by drawing analogies with emulation in operating systems, which allowed the authors to propose as a solution to emulate new behavior of a social structure and expand its functionality, which is not initially constructively assumed in it. Specific examples of how emulation works are also discussed and a generalization is proposed, which is represented as a filter or adapter over the input and output of the system being modified. Further, the complexities and limitations that can be encountered when performing process emulation are described. The proposed solution allows not only to create new functionality in existing processes, but also to influence their efficiency and flexibility in the context of rapidly changing conditions and factors.
82-95
The article examines how pharmaceutical companies use marketing segmentation to promote over-the-counter drugs in the Omsk regional pharmaceutical market. The study aims to identify marketing segments of physicians (therapists and otolaryngologists) and develop targeted marketing strategies for OTC drug promotion. The research analyzes the behavior of physicians, pharmacists, and patients in the context of high competition, regulatory specifics, and consumer demand dynamics. The study applies multiple correspondence analysis as the primary quantitative method, which reveals hidden relationships between physicians’ perceptions of drug characteristics, their preferences, and the sources of information they rely on. The research presents findings on physicians’ preferences regarding drug characteristics, segmented by their specialization and professional experience, as well as their interactions with medical representatives and marketing materials. As a result, the study identifies key physician segments and provides recommendations for shaping marketing strategies tailored to each segment's characteristics and the needs of both physicians and end consumers. The positioning analysis of pharmaceutical products in the marketing characteristics space demonstrates that physicians focus on parameters such as safety, speed of action, clinical evidence, and price/quality ratio. The study confirms the importance of a segmented and personalized approach in pharmaceutical marketing. The developed strategies account for differences in how physicians perceive drug characteristics based on their professional attributes. Pharmaceutical companies can apply the study’s findings to design customized marketing strategies for promoting OTC drugs while considering the professional profiles of physicians.
Ontology and theory of cognition
96-107
The need for a new ontology is knocking at the door of philosophy with increasing insistence. The past century was generous with discoveries of fundamental importance, which neither science nor philosophy had time to comprehend and adapt. The sum of accumulated knowledge, not co-opted into legitimate scientific theories, has become so heavy over time that it has crushed science and the rationality interpreted by it. Only ruins remain of the previous rational constructs, claiming to be objective and the most adequate reflection of the world. Everything that has survived has maximally selected the boundaries of its action, shrunk and is hopelessly waiting for its place in the new system. The more than trivial questions that have arisen — how reality is actually arranged, how can we call things and phenomena that fundamentally do not yet exist — clearly suggest the idea that the phenomenon of reflection itself can be understood only as a way of modeling virtual reality. The proposed article is a reflection on those foundations of the new ontology and philosophy as a whole, which can be discerned from the height of today and those discoveries that have already become habitual, which are still marginal, but have achieved a certain success in the matter of marginalizing yesterday's unshakable truths and theories, which together gave birth to freaks — the philosophy of uncertainty and a flawed ontology. Today, it is hardly worth looking for a panacea for all the troubles in science and philosophy, but the first, vaguest outlines of the horizon of expectation hint at interdisciplinary research, on the one hand, at the intersection of ontological sciences, natural science and philosophy, on the other — at the intersection of the cognitive sciences of psychology and philosophy. Of fundamental importance to the author is the position that all interdisciplinary research can be significant only in one case: if they unfold against the background of a special paradigm of thinking with an ethical system of values at the forefront. In addition to what actually clearly follows from the previous position, the new ontology will certainly be based on the theory of coevolution and on the legacy of Russian cosmism.
108-116
The article attempts to analyze the socio-ontological resources of folklore/fairy tales: the socio-ontological meanings contained in the fairy tale are in the orbit of research attention, and its socio-cultural positioning as a kind of focus of social "wisdom" is substantiated. The subject of cognitive interest is the formality (image) and content (concept) of folklore as a generator and carrier of socio-philosophical meanings, their influence on understanding the specifics of positioning a socio-cultural community. The purpose of the study can be stated as the substantiation of folklore / fairy tales as a unique material for obtaining "metaphorical answers" to the question of the content / essence, the state of social reality and the development strategy of social existence. In the process of working on the article, the following were used: socio-cultural approach; structural and functional analysis, hermeneutic method; dialectical principles of representativeness, consistency, complementarity and correspondence, which allowed to create the basis for socio-ontological interpretation and explication of images-concepts of folklore / fairy tales. The article describes: social space as an unusual socio-ontological topography of a two-world; social time as the eventfulness of a closed cycle; social movement as a path to a "Different realm" — "wherever one's eyes look", "I don't know where"; social motives explaining the activity /passivity of the social positioning of the characters; social collisions being — the hierarchy of society, social relations, social ideals. The generalizations and conclusions made in the end make it possible to understand and accept the legitimacy of studying fairy tales as a space for the examination of socio-ontological meanings that reproduce the "mythopoetic consciousness" of the people, which is not only theoretically justified, but also has empirical relevance: it allows for the explicit support of the process of complex socio-humanitarian social knowledge.
Social and political philosophy
117-125
The article attempts to reveal the essence of the crisis of value orientations and social attitudes that determine the formation of the worldview of modern youth. The article examines the importance for modern society of the value choice of modern youth. The main characteristics of the student age are revealed, as a theoretical overview of scientific approaches to the study of values is presented: objective-idealistic, subjective-idealistic and naturalistic, the connection of sociological, psychological, and anthropological points of view on the problem of values is traced, necessitating the development of a philosophical approach to the study of this problem. The necessity of comparing the objective content of social values and their subjective interpretation as the basis of the concept of value orientations is indicated. The concept of "value orientations" is analyzed from the point of view of philosophy of values, axiology — theory of values, philosophical and cultural anthropology, sociologist, social psychology. The classification of value orientations is presented and their interrelation and mutual influence in the process of personality development is traced. A theoretical analysis of the concept of "social attitude" is carried out, the types of social attitudes are described, and the ambiguity of the meaning of social attitudes in the development of a young person's personality is noted. The ontogenesis of social attitudes is traced in connection with the age stages of personality development, during which a contradiction of value orientations and social attitudes arises. The process of living through an identity crisis is described, which is aggravated by the substitution of values for social attitudes, meanings for goals, and self–realization for achievement. The main psychological defenses that accompany this process are nihilism and infantilism. The need for understanding, personal reassessment through reflection, as the main conditions for the formation of a worldview based on a holistic picture formed by correlating the individual hierarchy of values and traditional and moral guidelines is noted.
126-131
The article discussesthe concept of national mentality, the definition of the concept of mentality, proposed by various scholars, such as G. Gacheva, V. Guershunsky, P. Gurevitch, D. Yum. Despite the biological determinism at first glance, it is concluded that there is a spiritual and sociocultural component of mentality. National mentality which is influenced by various factors, turns into a very stable constant of the spiritual and social life of the people. However, the national mentality is still tied to a historical era. In each society at each stage of its development there are specific conditions for structuring individual consciousness: culture and tradition, language, lifestyle and religion — they form a sort of matrix within which mentality is formed. Thus, the era in which the individual lives, imposes an indelible imprint on his worldview, provides them with strictly defined types of psychological reactions and behavior. The analysis of the concepts of “mentality” and “archetype” is carried out, and the principal differences between these two concepts are given. The content of archetypes and mentality overlaps in many ways, as the general archetype can be manifested in specific forms, which allows in some cases to study the national mentality through the prism of national archetypes. The article provides an analysis of the works of various thinkers through the prism of their views on mentality. In conclusion, the author says that despite the seemingly natural determinism of the mentality, it develops during socialization and enculturation.
132-141
The issue of the death penalty has long been the subject of sociological and psychological, philosophical and ethical, legal and legal research. Many films and works of fiction and nonfiction are devoted to the topic of the death penalty. Discussions around this punitive measure are still ongoing and are primarily related to issues of ethics, morality and law: for example, research and scientific debates are constantly underway regarding the increase in crime due to the abolition of the death penalty, an answer has not yet been found to the question of maintaining general law and order by lifting the corresponding moratorium, as well as a flurry of contradictory responses The methods of execution adopted in different countries are causing problems. On this basis, the ethical and philosophical aspect of understanding the death penalty is very relevant: the metaphysics of antiquity, the late Middle Ages, Modern times and our days, with their inherent postmodern vision of order, allows us to consider the problem of the positive and negative consequences of this punitive measure and characterize its complex specifics, distinguishing execution from murder. The purpose of the article is an analytical generalization of ethical and philosophical arguments regarding the rhetorical dichotomy: execution or the right to life. This is followed by the phraseological units "crime and punishment", "execution cannot be pardoned", "the law is harsh, but it is the law", "justice above all". However, each expression can become the foundation of new controversial turns, which only indicates the search for a solution and an answer. Methodologically, the article is based on metaphysical and dialectical approaches, touches on issues of existential and rational shades. The result of the study is the discovery of the "pro et contra" arguments of the death penalty, as well as an indication of the fact of significant mental differences between peoples, which so far determine the impossibility of making a final decision in global ethical and legal practice.
141-150
The article is devoted to the socio-philosophical analysis of the process of growing up of the young generation in the modern context. The age boundaries of young age are defined. The field of growing up according to S. Fries is described as a movement from dependence to independence, and from irresponsibility to responsibility. The method of generations proposed by J. Ortega y Gasset is considered as a method of theoretical construction. Ortega's idea that any "today" actually consists of three generations was important. We emphasize Ortega's idea that the average person has an immature personality, he can be called a "spoiled child" who enjoys all the achievements of civilization — convenience and comfort. The concept of "early adulthood" introduced by Jarnett is considered. He identified three criteria of adulthood: taking responsibility, the ability to make independent decisions, and the formation of financial independence. N. Renner emphasizes that we live in an "infantile age" — an era in which we idealize childhood for its freedom and imagination and fear the onset of old age. True freedom implies control over your life as a whole, the ability to make plans, make promises and decisions, take responsibility for the consequences of your actions. A survey of engineering students (aged 21-24) showed that students associate adulthood with responsibility, independent decision-making, and financial self-sufficiency. Situations in which a child's position changed to a more adult one were associated with moving away from parents, military service, and the ability to provide for oneself. The students' position is encouraging. We believe that a society with a predominance of an infantile worldview and a consumerism paradigm is incapable. Today we can state that countries whose economies are focused on "doing things with their own hands" are leading and ahead. Therefore, the resource for humanity is development along the path of creativity, receiving joy from one’s achievements.
150-158
In the light of modern realities, where the digital environment is rapidly penetrating everyday existence, society is facing a unique phenomenon — a crisis of empathy. It often arises against the backdrop of the increasing influence of social networks and digital technologies, which, despite all their advantages, can dissolve the nuances of human communication. Empathy, as the ability to understand and share the emotions of others, is jeopardized by being trapped in simplified communication formats. Modern life, permeated by screens, gives the illusion of intimacy, but in fact leads to the depths of emotional anonymity. Communication is done with the help of emoticons, pictures, short messages, replacing important aspects of human interaction — depth of perception and sincerity. This approach forms routine, superficial connections, and as a consequence, leads to a decreased sense of social responsibility, deepens misunderstandings, and even causes aggression. In this context, empathy, so necessary for the creation of trusting relationships, begins to fade. However, empathy, being a fundamental element of social bonding, has the potential to transform the difficulties of technology time into opportunities. It connects worlds, brings people together, creates conditions for mutual understanding, and becomes the key to overcoming social separation and emotional isolation.... In conditions when society faces crises and challenges, it is more important than ever to realize the value of empathy. Therefore, it is advisable to support, develop emotional intelligence from an early age, paying special attention to understanding, empathy. In this regard, the article discusses an important issue — the crisis of empathy arising in the Internet space, which requires the transformation of the perception of communication, deepening relationships, restoring the lost ties of empathy in society. This will help to increase the sense of responsibility in interpersonal interaction, building trust, understanding between individuals, and will also lead to the improvement of the overall psychological climate in society. Realization of individual significance and value will contribute to the creation of a stable and harmonious society, where each participant can count on support in difficult times.