Innovative economics and society № 3 (37), 2022

The article presents the theoretical foundations of financial policy, taking into account the diverse views of scientists from the existing trends and schools in economics. This made it possible to look at the Russian financial policy from the position of a theoretical approach to determining its essence and focus on socio-economic results. The principles on which the financial policy is formed are considered. The most important among them is the conscious use of objective economic laws for the development of the economy and the need for the state to adopt laws that correspond to the fundamental interests of the people. The importance of balancing economic interests with the help of financial policy is emphasized. At the same time, modern challenges of the time are identified, depending on the development trends of the national and world economy, among which the primary one is financing the modernization of the economy. The most important parts and goals of financial policy are identified: political, economic and social. The main types and types of financial policy are considered: financial strategy and tactics, current and long-term, income policy, spending policy, anti-inflationary and inflationary, etc. The constituent elements of financial policy are shown - budgetary, monetary, investment, international. The class character of the Russian financial policy, the main sources of finance and their distribution in accordance with the interests of the existing classes of society are emphasized. The financial strategy of Russia is analyzed, which should take into account various threats to the stability of the country's financial system that arise in the external and internal spheres, and should ensure the financial security of the country. Then the acute problems of modern financial policy are analyzed: acute contradictions in tax policy, where the principle of justice is violated; shortcomings of the policy of the Central Bank, causing significant restrictions on investment in the economy and weak targeting of inflation; the problematic nature of budget policy with its insignificant role in the development of advanced sectors of the economy and weak social orientation is revealed; the low role of the stock market as a mechanism for the overflow of capital is shown. Conclusions are drawn about the need for socio-economic reforms.

The article is devoted to the issues of researching the categories of innovation management. In the course of the development of innovative and economic activity, new relations arise, which are reflected and identified in scientific research. The issues of digitalization of management processes, the development of information technologies in the field of management and their use in remote work in the process of planning and future evaluation of innovative projects in small business are considered. The authors develop the concept of "innovative planning" in the activities of small enterprises. The transformation of managerial relations leads to the development of practical and theoretical tools. The digitalization of management functions is changing their usual form. A functional analysis was carried out and directions for innovative planning were identified in line with integration with digital platforms. A feature of the study is the use of the possibilities of an innovative approach for planning and implementing management functions in the aspect of the activities of a small enterprise, the use of the proposed software products by public administration services. Use of free opportunities of remote services and client services for independent and effective planning in an innovative way. Eliminating informational and digital problems is offered by technical support services in a wide variety of forms: ordering a callback, generating an appeal, using chats, both in real time and in the form of delayed messages, working with text data, links, images, and various kinds of files. The synergistic effect of working with information platforms for posting information and documentation, educational events, posting materials and contacts and other information predetermines ways of prioritizing behavior and highlighting future periods.

One of the most important issues facing researchers in the field of marketing, as well as professional marketers, remains the problem of effective marketing activities, determining the role of marketing and its contribution to the results of the enterprise, ensuring its competitiveness. This article is devoted to substantiating the importance of applying the theoretical developments of marketing in practice by transport enterprises. It is noted that despite the serious contribution of Russian scientists to the development of marketing as a field of economic science, the research results show that the possibilities of marketing as a tool for making effective decisions in a competitive environment are not yet fully realized. This problem is also typical for transport companies, which have not yet applied a systematic approach to the use of marketing. The article provides a brief overview of the development of marketing in Russia since the transition to a market economy. The meaning of the concept of "marketing" is revealed, examples of its various interpretations from economic dictionaries, scientific and educational publications, and reference literature are given. Based on various definitions, the essence of transport marketing is revealed from a theoretical and practical point of view. The significance of marketing activity for a transport enterprise is substantiated, internal and external factors influencing its organization and development are noted, its content is determined. Approaches to the organization of marketing activities at a transport enterprise are considered and recommendations for their application are given. With the help of the method of analysis, managerial, organizational and functional problems of the use of marketing by transport enterprises are singled out, their causes are indicated. For each problem, solutions are shown, specific recommendations are given.

Problem. The article discusses the features of educational process organization of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The visual graphic representation method of didactic material in the form of mind maps is characterized. Ways of compiling mental maps and their use in the educational process. Illustrative examples are considered and how mind maps fix and retain the content of the object (topic) being studied, develop and activate students' creative thinking. Aim. Pay special attention to the organization of visual material proposed in the form of mind maps. Show that the ability to work with this type of visualization is an important type of work in the classroom in Russian as a foreign language. Methodology. The methodological basis was the work in the field of theoretical and practical teaching foreign languages methods. Results. It is important to understand that the mind map is a special method of recording various kinds of material in the form of a radiant (multidimensional) structure. This is a graphical expression of perception processes, processing and memorization of certain information, acting as a way to present ideas visually, as well as to show the relationship between them using diagrams. An important aspect is that maps are compiled taking into account the level of language proficiency. The material clearly demonstrates the meaning of vocabulary, is easy to remember and is fixed not only verbally, but also visually. In addition, such material is of interest to foreigners. It is very convenient when the mind map is symmetrical where by remembering one part of it. You can easily restore the other. Central to the mind map is a key element. If you need to display the timeline then the elapsed time is indicated on the left, the future on the right. Conclusions. The use of mind maps in the lessons of Russian as a foreign language can be productive as students gain experience in choosing, structuring, quickly memorizing key information and reproducing it. Mind maps also help to develop creative and critical thinking, memory and attention of students.

The article presents an overview of the main provisions of pedagogy concerning the peculiarities of conducting and organizing lectures at the university. First of all, the problems of emotional and creative interaction between the teacher and the student at the time of the lecture are considered. The authors address the issue of the importance of lectures for students of different courses. The specifics of the presentation of theoretical material, difficulties in its selection, structuring and preparation of the lecture text itself are also analyzed. The motivational and developmental potential of a modern lecture is described. The text of the lecture is considered by the author as a detailed scenario with painted roles, and the lecture itself as a clearly staged performance. In proof of the considered positions, the paper presents statistical data from various university studies, indicating the complexity of using lectures in modern conditions as a form of conducting classes in higher education. Also, the results of a sociological survey of students of Omsk State University of Railways are analyzed, which allow us to see some problems when conducting a lecture by teachers and its perception by students. The main difficulty is that half of the students do not see practical benefits in the lecture, do not know how to apply knowledge in practice, and are not familiar with different forms and types of modern lecture classes. The author believes that there is a need to adjust the work in this direction somewhat, formulating the main reasons that prevent the lecture form of the lesson from taking a firm place in the changing system of teaching students. Among these reasons are the unwillingness of the pedagogical community to change taking into account the requirements of the time and the lack of desire of students to master the forms of work within the framework of new types of lectures.

Through the analysis of Platonic categories, the article offers transcendental concepts that create the framework of a holistic perception of the world, form a consistent picture of reality, guarantee the socio-cultural security of the infinite prospects for the development of human thinking and demonstrate the ability of the mind to comprehend the meaning of events on the other side of the horizon of human dignity. The high metaphysicality of the analyzed categories leads to the idea of the poverty of the thesaurus of the contemporary. The loss of transcendental concepts in the final dictionary is an alarming sign of the cosiness of the language and the loss of vitality of the people who are its bearers.

The article contains an analysis of topological factors as the fundamental foundations of socio-ontological determinants of socio-cultural phenomenality: the subject of research attention is the natural topos as the geolocation of society and its natural and climatic features, which largely determine the historical fate, evolutionary dynamics and format of the socio-cultural deployment of society. The purpose of the study can be stated as a substantiation of the connection between spatial and natural / climatic features and the specific content of the social mentality, as well as the socio-ontological state of Russian reality. In the process of working on the article, the following were used: dialectical principles of consistency, inconsistency and determinism; methods of geographical determinism and imaginary geography. The article characterizes the features of toposa (coordinate, length, relief; landscape and natural zoning, geological structure, hydrographic network, weather regime) as an actual factor in the historical process; the dependence of Russian socio-cultural reality on geolocation and natural-climatic data has been established. The conclusions reached by the author are not only theoretically justified, but have not lost their empirical relevance and should be taken into account when interpreting the socio-ontological changes of modern Russian reality, which, in turn, is an indispensable condition for its effective management, in connection with which the area application of the research results can be determined by the state and municipal management.

This article is about social and economic situation in Russia close before the revolutionary events in 1917. Author analyzes strategies of main Russian political elites in situation of military crisis and Emperor’s power crush. Then author defines structural and functional parameters of state and zemstvo’s bureaucracy in situation of razrukha’s beginning. The complex of economic and foreign-political factors that caused razrukha, is shown: extremely large-scaled and high-intensive military mobilizations which helped Russia to take a half of Entente’s total military efforts were catastrophically combined with the aspirations of Britain and France to establish control over the empire's economy and with outright abuses of Russian «social activists» in army supplying. In this case author focuses on the specific practices of Russian military officials who «for the sake of friendship» gave out secret information to allies in the Entente. On the basis of Russian Empire government documents, the result of the unification of hostile external influences made by the German army and internal disorganization due to fatal mistakes of tsarist officials is demonstrated: the first mistake was the ill-considered evacuation of more than 6 million civilians from the frontline zone, the second one was rejection of the equalized-normalized vital goods distribution in the conditions of production decline and the third one was carrying out the autumn draft of 1916 during the harvest. Shown historical sources are proving that destructive strategies which began razrukha were based on specific «group egoism» of conservative and liberal political parties which attempted to take their own control over Russian Empire and to replace Tsar's authority by their leaders one. These sources are also disproving the myth about leading role of radical revolutionary political doctrines (Bolshevist, Social-Revolutionary and Aharchist one) in massive revolutionary movement evolution in summer and autmn of 1917. The final conclusion of article’s author is he overall cumulative effect of the accumulation of catastrophic mistakes, unprecedented abuses and military defeats naturally led to the paralysis of power and the fall of the authority of the monarchy, which has lost legitimacy in the eyes of Russia’s people.