Regional and sectoral economy
2-9
One of the significant tools for the formation of economic security as a basis for multi-level economic development is the digital economy, which unites economic and social relations in modern society into a single system. The versatility of the concept of "economic security", on the one hand, creates difficulties for systematizing approaches and directions for conducting scientific research in this area, and on the other hand, allows finding new approaches to the analysis of problems and prospects for improving economic security, which is reflected in the works of a number of authors. In today's rapidly changing society, the search for new tools for the formation of economic security is possible only if we take into account the opportunities associated with the development of the digital economy and the advantages arising from the introduction of information and communication technologies in production activities and everyday life. Moreover, the relevance of the prospects arising in the processes of digitalization of the economy attracts an increasing number of stakeholders considering this area both from research positions and from practice-oriented opportunities that allow the implementation of research results directly into the practical activities of enterprises and organizations. It is necessary to highlight the factors influencing the formation of economic security: cost reduction in business processes, time savings on receiving public services, new opportunities to improve the quality of education, additional opportunities for monitoring health status, new levels of public safety. Financing federal projects within the framework of the Digital Economy program allows us to form a system of legal regulation of the digital economy, develop the necessary infrastructure provided with qualified personnel, introduce domestic end-to-end technologies and software, which, in turn, becomes the basic basis for the formation of economic security.
9-18
Currently, the issues of innovation development are becoming increasingly popular, which over time have gone beyond the development of the economy and become widespread in various spheres of public life. The study of information on the development of innovations can be carried out through the analysis of news posts and other publications. To date, the complexity and time of such an analysis can be significantly reduced due to the development of information technologies. The subject of the study is the current trends and patterns of innovation development. The purpose of the study is to analyze the modern development of innovations based on the processing of innovative posts on the Internet using information technology. The data was collected using parsing technology in the Python programming language. The study was based on an analysis of the opinion of the authors of publications (leading magazines and news sites) Internet networks. The publications were divided into thematic blocks reflecting the areas of innovation development in a particular area of society. The study has revealed the dynamics of changes in the number of publications on innovations. For each thematic block, using the TextBlob library of the Python programming language, an analysis of the tonality and subjectivity/objectivity of the data contained in the publications was performed. The results of the study make it possible to identify trends, make forecasts and find out points of growth in the development of innovations. The capabilities of modern information technologies allow you to quickly generate large amounts of data and process them, which significantly speeds up the decision-making process. The results of the study will be useful for specialists in the field of economics to identify trends and predict the development of innovations.
18-26
The purpose of the article is to substantiate the necessity of applying a system approach to the economic security of the transport system, to form a model of economic security of the transport system and to identify the problems of its provision. The methods of positive and normative analysis, comparison and analogy, modelling were used in the research. The article considers the theoretical basis for the study of the transport system, its content, internal and external factors affecting its functioning. Using the data of the Federal State Statistics Service the dynamic analysis of gross value added in the economy as a whole and in the section "Transportation and storage" is carried out. volumes of cargo and passenger transportations, indices of physical volume of investments in fixed capital in the Russian Federation, and economic activity "Transportation and storage", the conclusion about stagnation in this economic sphere is made. Specific problems associated with low investment are identified, which forms a lag in the development of transport infrastructure, the transport process lags behind the world level in terms of speed, logistics, automation and lack of coordination of stakeholders' interests. The concept of ‘economic security of the transport system’ is formulated; the model of economic security of the transport system is proposed, its elements are revealed: challenges of time, risks, threats, contradictions, effective state management. it is pointed out that ensuring economic security should be of a comprehensive nature, based on the proposed model. The development of Russian regions largely depends on the transport system, on solving the problems of infrastructure provision, which has a significant impact on the social division of labour. It is important that public administration significantly improves efficiency and consistently solves the urgent tasks of modernising the transport system, thereby boosting regional economic growth. To balance the interests of stakeholders, the role of public policy is important.
27-35
At the beginning of the article, the features of the freight yard as an element of the logistics infrastructure, the relevance and problems of yard management are considered. At the same time, a comparison of two types of tools for digitalization of freight yard logistics is presented, taking into account the level of importance of logistics digitalization, the financial resources needed to obtain and implement a digital tool of the appropriate type and level of information integration. In addition, examples of Russian yard management systems are considered: Exceed YMS, YARD 2.0, AXELOT YMS, Solvo.Yard. Special attention is paid to the emergence of inefficient queues and a possible solution to this logistical problem, and recommendations are listed for making an electronic queue effective (conditions for the effectiveness of an electronic queue). The article also provides basic recommendations when choosing a yard management system: at the very beginning, conducting an internal audit of your own needs; considering a wide range of proposed digital solutions; obtaining specific information from suppliers of yard management systems and demonstrating their protocol for configuring business processes in accordance with the unique needs of the client's business; evaluating the possibility of quickly configuring the yard management system on their own; choosing a supplier offering a flexible yard management system that does not require code-based configuration. Summing up, it was noted that digitalization using yard management systems is gaining popularity among organizations for which the speed and budget of the logistics process are important. Common (typical) results from the use of yard management systems are: optimization of yard logistics costs; increase in yard capacity; simplification of logistics work in the yard; optimized yard use.
36-46
The study of the impact of changes in labor productivity indicators on the formation of workers' incomes and improving the quality of life of the population allows us to determine trends not only in the demographic situation, the formation of the labor market in the regions, but also the possibilities of their socio-economic development.The trends in the formation of nominal wages of employees in the federal districts of the Russian Federation are considered. The ranking of Federal districts according to the size of wages and the pace of their changes was carried out. The peculiarities of income formation of the working population were revealed, expressed in a decrease in wage growth at the end of the analyzed period, a significant difference in absolute terms in the size of the average monthly nominal salary and uniform rates of its growth in all federal districts.The modern features of the influence of two groups of factors on the salary level of employees have been established. The analysis of labor productivity growth rates showed that the size of the gross regional product produced in the federal district per employee differs in a wide range. a dynamic significant decrease in the growth rate of this indicator over the last five years of the analyzed period was noted.It is proved that a further decrease in the growth rate of labor productivity and their lower level in comparison with the growth rate of wages increases the imbalance in the differentiation of income of the population and may be a prerequisite for a reduction in the number of employees, hidden unemployment, and the occurrence of wage arrears.The peculiarities of the influence of the business community on the formation of income of the population in different countries are studied. The directions for increasing the social responsibility of business are proposed on the basis of a social partnership mechanism that regulates the factors of labor productivity growth both related and unrelated to the employee's production activities, but actively influencing his performance.
46-57
The article considers the issues of creating an energy management system. The relevance of implementing an energy management system is substantiated, the components of an energy management system are considered. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations for creating an energy management system for an industrial enterprise based on the requirements of GOST R ISO 50001-2023. The subject of the article is the energy management system of an industrial organization, as well as the implementation of the provisions of the standard. The main method of work is the methods of analysis and synthesis. The dynamics of the implementation of energy-saving technologies is assessed, a conclusion is made about the need for a systematic approach to the implementation of energy-saving technologies, as well as accounting, assessment and use of all significant factors affecting the processes of energy consumption and energy saving management. The relevance of implementing energy management systems is considered and substantiated, the prospects for the development of energy management systems are assessed and the conceptual direction of the ISO series of standards related to risk analysis, taking into account the context of the organization and its business goals is noted. The new version of GOST R ISO 50001-2023 "Energy management systems. Requirements and guidance for use", as well as individual provisions of other standards of the 50001 series in order to assess changes and their significance and determine the need to update existing regulatory documentation, as well as the implementation of both existing requirements and newly introduced provisions of the standard in the organization's energy management system.The conclusions of the work should be considered the identification of changes in the standard in terms of terms and definitions of the new version of the standard, as well as recommendations for developing an energy management system taking into account the new requirements.Conclusions are also formulated on the content of the boundaries and scope of the energy management system, the processes of analysis, development of corrective and preventive actions, and mandatory documented procedures of the energy management system are defined. The results of the study can be used in the development of energy management systems for industrial organizations, and with minor changes in other sectors of the economy.
Finance
58-67
In the modern world, rational formation and distribution of resources available at the enterprise play a key role in the economic environment. The article considers the main provisions for improving cost management at the enterprise, describes their main substantive characteristics. The main stages of cost management are defined and the characteristics of the cost management functions performed are given. The concept of "cost management" is defined as an independent direction in the enterprise management system, or as a functional area of management in terms of planning, accounting, control and analysis of costs, or as a function of management accounting. A comparative grouping of cost management methods is performed depending on the functions performed. The analysis of the dynamics of operating costs and the cost structure of the structural unit of the enterprise is carried out. The key cost elements in the structure of operating costs of the structural unit of the enterprise are determined. As a result, a significant increase in costs is revealed, where the highest growth rate is observed for costs of electricity and fuel. It is shown that the most important components in the development of cost management methods are the time factor, costs and losses, and only through due attention to all three components is it possible to improve the cost management system by increasing the frequency, reducing labor costs and reducing operating costs. At the same time, it is important not to neglect the issues of safety. It is concluded that in modern dynamically developing and changing conditions, it is important to constantly improve the cost management system at the enterprise. The author offers recommendations for improving the management of material costs in the structural division of the enterprise.
67-75
The subject of the research in the article is a set of problems related to the creation of a favorable investment climate for business in Russia, taking into account modern economic and political realities. The aim is to identify the factors that create obstacles to investing in the Russian economy, identify the problems that arise in this regard and possible solutions. The research is based on general scientific methods, which include the analysis of scientific, methodological and periodical literature on the research problem. The results of the scientific article are formulated based on research on current trends in the development of the Russian economy. A significant place in the study is given to the role of the Bank of Russia in ensuring the stability of the ruble and regulating the capital market in the context of economic transformation, as well as an analysis of the role of various factors influencing the formation of aggregate supply and demand. The authors analyze the key success factors of enterprises in the Russian market in the field of innovation and technology, drivers of small and medium-sized businesses, and the use of Russia's strategic location to attract foreign investors. The concern of the business environment regarding the high key interest rate and the impossibility of improving the investment climate in the current economic conditions, increasing competition from large companies and access to sources of financing is indicated. The article considers the urgent need to protect intellectual property rights to ensure the development of high-tech industries and attract investors. It is concluded that the formation of a favorable investment climate for doing business is inherently linked to the need to adjust the monetary policy implemented by the Bank of Russia, strengthen the role of the state in controlling prices for products of natural monopolies, and carry out legal reforms to ensure the development of the business environment and attract investment in business. The proposals substantiated by the authors can be used in setting tariffs, requirements for printed works of scientific and pedagogical staff of universities and strategic planning of regional development.
Management
76-87
The spread of digital technologies significantly expands the possibilities of communication between all participants in congress and exhibition events and contributes to the intensification of the accompanying information exchange. As a result, the business prospects of absolutely all interested parties and participants in congress and exhibition activities are radically increasing. At the present stage of development, there has been a fairly steady trend towards accelerating the introduction of digital technologies in the field of congress and exhibition activities. At the same time, the digitalization process itself involves a systematic phased conversion to digital form and the unification into a single digital complex of all forms of relationships arising in the process of carrying out congress and exhibition activities. It was determined that the increase in demand for innovative solutions contributes to the acceleration of the introduction of digital technologies in the field of congress and exhibition activities. The purpose of the study is to offer a set of relevant digital technologies that provide increased information support and effective promotion of congress and exhibition events. The methodological basis of the study was analysis, systematization and generalization. The search and identification of successful practices for the formation of an effective digital environment in congress and exhibition activities is a fairly relevant and demanded area for the development of the relevant infrastructure. The results of the applied nature include the proposed complex of promising digital technologies, which provides active interaction with participants in congress and exhibition activities and expands the possibilities of effective promotion of congress and exhibition events among the target audience. As part of the formed set, the authors identified the use of three key digital technologies, within the framework of each of which an appropriate algorithm is proposed, including the necessary sequence of actions, the optimal list of which is presented in accordance with the logic of their implementation, which ensures the practical implementation of the process of their successful development and implementation. The material of the article can be useful to researchers on the issues under consideration and specialists in the field of congress and exhibition activities.
87-97
The participation of residents and groups of interest in the development of Omsk, since the formation of the Russian Federation in the early 90s of the XX century, has gone through few phases: from understanding of the problem of coexistence in new context, through learning to cooperate to co-creation in the development of public spaces. Each phase responded to its challenges, had organizational features and achievements. The article, using a number of international, federal, interregional and local projects as an example, demonstrates the evolution of the processes of engagement and changes in the system of communication between residents, individual interest groups and the administration, including local government and state authorities. Especial attention is paid to the terminological features of the subject area and the differences in interpretations of key concepts used in Russian and foreign practice is explained, which is a basis for the development of an original methodology based not only on international research, but also on local practical experience gained in the implementation of projects related to the engagement of people and their groups in joint activities to change the public space, including the formulation of a vision of the future, the organization of the process of participatory design and the creation of communities. Initially, the engagement of stakeholders was carried out at the initiative of authorities in the form of hearings and approval of proposals as recommendations, for further substantiation of decision-making. But gradually, based on international experience in organizing involvement processes, there was an expansion of the participation of people and groups who could not only demonstrate their interests, but also formulate requests for changes. The implementation of a number of projects involving interest groups and individuals allowed us to accumulate practical experience, on the basis of which an engagement methodology was developed that came closer to co-creation in the development of public spaces in urban areas, and barriers that hinder this transition were identified.
98-105
The article is devoted to the study of the transformation of business processes of service enterprises in the context of digitalization using the example of household services for the repair and maintenance of vehicles of individuals. An ecosystem model of business processes is proposed that promotes automation and optimization of activities, changes the culture of consumption and forms a new system of institutions in the field of household services through the introduction of digital services and platforms. The originality and scientific novelty of the presented results lie in the collaborative business processes of large and small enterprises on the ecosystem platform, the use of digital solutions that allow customers to remotely monitor the quality of work performed, which increases customer satisfaction and loyalty. The spread of digital platforms that provide users with the ability to easily find service providers and track the service process leads to an increase in the availability of various types of household services and an increase in the level of personalization, which stimulates further transformation of business processes in this industry. Business processes are analyzed and described - from receiving an order in the system to post-repair maintenance - using digital services and video surveillance. A comparative analysis of business processes without digital services and designed business processes with digital solutions is carried out. The study examines how the ecosystem model of business processes helps service enterprises effectively adapt to new conditions, creating sustainable partnerships and mutually beneficial relationships within the digital ecosystem. Particular attention is paid to the integration of digital technologies into traditional business models, analysis of key challenges and opportunities arising from the implementation of the ecosystem model. The stages of choosing digital services when optimizing business processes of car service enterprises are considered. The presented materials will be of interest to specialists in the field of management of enterprises in the field of services for the repair and maintenance of motor vehicles of individuals.
Ontology and theory of cognition
105-115
The subject of the article is the method of conceptualization of any scientific research. The purpose of the work is to reveal the internal and external factors of determination by the scientist of the objective, methodological, instrumental, categorical, logical parameters of his actions. The internal factors of research are the philosophical foundations of science: epistemological attitudes, principles of evidence, criteria of truth. The external factor of scientific activity is a specific historical environment. The method of theoretical analysis of scientific research allows to identify the philosophical and historical prerequisites of scientific work, which in turn determine each element of the structural composition of the study. The method of philosophical reflection reveals the algorithm of conceptualization of research as the movement of thinking consciousness to the universal and necessary - identifying features of scientific theory. The method of ascent from the abstract to the concrete reveals historical evidence of logical patterns of implementation of research in the dynamics of development of science. The article explains the goals of philosophical training of young scientists. Philosophical procedures of thinking, demanded in the activities of representatives of various types of private scientific knowledge, are shown. Facts and examples from the history of science corresponding to these intellectual procedures are given. The results of this study are intended for postgraduate students and employees of the higher education system involved in the process of training scientific personnel.
115-126
The long-standing theme of postmodernism, oddly enough, is still alive. Increasing the time distance makes postmodernity noticeable where it could not have been imagined before. A careful study of literary postmodernism from different cultures clarifies not only the similarities and differences, but also highlights the methodological basis that provides it with commonality. Along with the definition of the main parameters of postmodernity, the Russian analogue of the destructive manner of writing becomes a subject of special interest. Russian Russian themes of Soviet and Russian postmodernity show recent history in a slightly different light and reveal the specifics of the end of literature in Russia two centuries ago (V.Rozanov), Soviet reality in other interiors, and Russian literary classics using unusual vocabulary. In addition, over time, the heterogeneity of purely philosophical and literary postmodernity has become more noticeable, which so far does not have a decent analytical base, and even the announced death of postmodernism is unable to actualize its philosophical mission. The dissolution of the philosophical meanings of postmodernism in literature significantly reduces the cognitive space of strategic thinking. All these nuances are in a complex historical connection and require a more detailed analysis, which is not possible within the framework of a single article. The current, which today is called philosophical postmodernism, not only does not understand the philosophical formulation of questions of truth, ethics and rationality, reason and wisdom, but also openly despises philosophy, as it has narrower boundaries and does not recognize the philosophical continuation of their subject area.
Social and political philosophy
126-136
The problem of updating cultural heritage always retains its importance, however, in the 90s of the twentieth century, the country was offered a "successful" model of development. The concept of success was clothed in detailed, replicated consumer attitudes, reduced to everyday evidence, which were given the importance of full-fledged values. The ideology of consumerism has given rise to consumer attitudes towards cultural heritage. However, existence, according to the proposed guidelines, did not lead Russia to a scientific and technological breakthrough, did not provide a solution to economic and social problems. The experiment, which began in the 90s, did not lead to the expected results. Actualization of the historical heritage is required for the implementation of the humanization process. In modern society, the concepts of "heritage" and "tradition" are interpreted ambiguously. Heritage is a set of ideas, institutions, views, norms, etc. Heritage is not one-dimensional and involves a variety of transmission and actualization options, creates ideological competition related to the practice of interpreting heritage. Tradition is an actualized heritage, which should be perceived as a kind of technology. Tradition presupposes extracting the necessary "material" from the existing heritage to solve well-defined modern problems. Tradition should be perceived as a valuable part of the heritage. The preserved traditional values and the preservation process itself represent an essential component of national security. At the moment, modern (characteristic of the twentieth century) thinking is becoming an object that presupposes actualization, i.e. modernity is defined as tradition. Modernity seeks to recreate certainty. Postmodernism justifies natural existence in uncertainty, which deforms the ability to think rationally. The technology of returning to modernity (scientific thinking) involves solving a number of tasks: restoring the authority of illiquid fundamental knowledge; discrediting the position of unconditional dominance of "opinion" and returning the status of "essence"; restoring the ability to abstract thinking; depragmatization of knowledge.
136-149
The article presents a theoretical analysis of the concept and phenomenon of soft power in the global information context of our time, organically connected with the phenomena of consumer society and mass culture as a special instrument of socio-political influence. It shows a significant difference in the development of culture as such in the globalization space, which made it possible to turn to detailed aspects of soft power and give the necessary examples taking into account the ongoing processes of informatization and technization of life in modern society. The purpose of the article is an analytical discussion of the fact that soft power is a socio-political art of persuasion, the use of intangible cultural resources and political ideals in the interests of influencing society and an individual. At the same time, the ambivalence of this influence is due to the complexity of the phenomenon of soft power itself — on the scale of an entire society, its impact means the triumph of mass consciousness, and on the scale of an individual, it is either not noticeable or causes dull resistance. However, on a societal scale, soft power is realized much faster: mass media are its first and most powerful tool, and also enhance globalization processes — the information function of advertising, films and fashion in post-industrialism turns out to be the main regulator of public behavior, the formation of stereotypes and life choices. Cultural diffusion and globalization take on the role of the second tool of soft power - under the influence of communication technologies. The results of the study establish that the mass media today are an integral part of the cultural space and largely contribute to the use of political methods of soft power. An example of this is the creation of social networks that influence both the incitement of information wars, contributing to the impact on mass consciousness, and the features of individual worldviews, which are noticeably simplified, gadgetized, which determines the phenomenon of clip thinking, which has already been repeatedly considered.