Regional and sectoral economy
2-11
The subject of the work is the study of the labor values of different generations – generations X, Y and Z in the context of socio-economic changes.The purpose of the work is to identify and compare the key labor values that characterize generations X, Y and Z, as well as to identify changes in the values of young people and their attitude to work in the context of the modern changing world.Method or methodology of work: An analytical review and comparison of the labor values of generations, based on existing theoretical knowledge and research on this topic. The article presents the empirical part of the study based on the analysis of the results of a survey of schoolchildren of the Omsk region (grades 9-11, N= 11691 people), which was conducted by the author in March 2018. Results of the work: The paper describes the key labor values of generations. For example, Generation X values stability and job security and strives for a balance between professional and personal life. Generation Y recognizes the importance of flexibility, remote work and strives for work that benefits society. Generation Z, who grew up in the era of technological innovation, also values flexibility and is more inclined to freelance and project work.Scope of the results: The results of the work can be used in human resource management to develop policies for attracting and retaining talent among different generations, as well as in social sciences to study changes in socio-economic trends.Conclusions: The professional aspirations of Russian youth are undergoing noticeable changes, which are due not only to global socio-economic dynamics and technological progress, but also to the consequences of the pandemic crisis. These trends have an impact on the formation of new forms of labor relations involving a different approach to interaction with employers. The acceleration of these processes during the pandemic highlighted the importance of elements such as flexibility in work organization, the ability to perform tasks outside the office and educational initiatives during working hours. Today's youth remain waiting for new offers from employers, which include not only competitive pay and social packages, but also focus on the career development of employees. As a result of socio-economic transformations, there is an evolution of ideas about the value of the workplace and the necessary conditions for successful professional activity. Therefore, in order to successfully attract and retain young people, employers should review their strategies in the context of these changed preferences.
11-23
Currently, there is no unified methodology for evaluating the performance of drivers. Some companies develop such techniques on their own, and some do not evaluate the effectiveness of employees at all. The subject of the study is a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of driving work. The purpose of the study is to develop a multi-subject methodology for evaluating the performance of motor transport drivers, relevant for use in existing transport companies, taking into account the specifics of the work of motor transport drivers, as well as the modern transport system of the Omsk region. The following methods were used as part of the work: focus groups of drivers, an online survey of users of transport services, an expert survey of managers and specialists of transport companies, methods of graphical and tabular representation of data, analysis and synthesis of material. The article presents the results of the work of focus groups of drivers, a survey of users of transport services, a survey of managers and specialists of transport companies, which formed the basis for the formation of the ORT methodology for motor transport drivers. The author has developed a system of indicators to be evaluated. The features of evaluating the performance of motor transport drivers are revealed. Taking into account the opinion of experts, the specific weights for each indicator are distributed, and the methodology for calculating the integrated driver performance indicator is presented. Based on the approbation of the methodology among drivers of the Omsk region, conclusions are formulated, including difficulties that can be encountered when evaluating the effectiveness of driving work. The content of the article corresponds to the field of study 8.15 "Productivity and labor efficiency: the essence, dynamics, measurement methods, factors and reserves of improvement" specialty 5.2.3 "Regional and sectoral economics" according to the passport of specialties of the Higher Attestation Commission (Economics).
23-31
The article discusses the formation of digital competencies of university students in the context of their significance and relevance for solving modern problems of logistics activities in the regional economy using digital technologies. The author analyzes the current regulatory legal acts: projects, programs of the Government of the Russian Federation, state standards that regulate the effective and safe use of artificial intelligence systems in the field of education.The content, spheres and boundaries of the application of artificial intelligence competencies for educational institutions of higher education have been investigated; the structural components of artificial intelligence technologies as a source of digital competencies are highlighted; The features of the joint use of neural networks, digital technologies and natural human intelligence are revealed. Real models for the use of digital competencies in the field of artificial intelligence for university students, aimed at ensuring the training of competitive and in-demand personnel in the labor market, are considered. An analysis of trends in the development of digital technologies in logistics activities is carried out, the need for revision of curricula in the training of logisticians in secondary specialized and higher education is substantiated.
31-39
The article analyzes the historical and economic mechanism of the formation of the contradiction between economic development and ensuring its security. The study is carried out in order to identify both the given contradiction itself and its various manifestations, and subsequently the typical features of adaptive or promising reactions to contradictions by resolving them at the regional and sectoral levels of economic isolation. The work used methods of historical and economic logic of the formation of problems and contradictions, methods of systematic analysis of direct and feedback connections between the evolution of the practical interests of economic entities and their implementation in relevant areas of scientific research, corresponding methods of comparison and analysis of the correspondence of the evolution of science and business practice in terms of theory economic development and ensuring its security, as well as dialectical methods of analysis. The result of the work is the formulation of contradictions in the criteria for economic development and ensuring its security, as well as the features of resolving these contradictions in strict accordance with the subject and purpose of the work. The article presents both classic cost-price methods of resolving these contradictions, established by business practice, and probable promising methods for their further solution. The area of application of the results is, first of all, the regional economy and the management of its economic security. The most important conclusions are the proof of the presence and emergence of contradictions between the development of the economy and ensuring its security, resulting from this need to constantly monitor changes in those narrow links of ensuring economic security that are redefined by changes in policy in relation to the science and practice of regulating the economy for their independent provision by the subject of data management economy, and because of this are capable of slowing down the sources of economic development or impeding them.
39-48
This paper highlights the most pressing issues of inter-organizational cooperation between participants in road transport of goods and the introduction of concepts such as «Just in time» and «Exactly in sequence» in the practice of planning transportation in the territory of municipalities. It was concluded that one of the reasons for the low efficiency of planning activities is the problems of organizational relationships between road transport participants. To solve these prob-lems, a conceptual approach based on logistic principles is proposed: «Exactly on time» and «Ex-actly in sequence». Accordingly, the article justifies the need to introduce the above principles into planning practice in order to improve control and management processes in the transport sector. Transportation planning based on Just-In-Time and Just-In-Sequence logistics concepts is essential as only within such a system can the cargo delivery process be fully controlled. This system improves customer relations, strengthens the company's position in the market, stabilizes its financial position and strengthens its competitive advantages. The study defines the prerequisites and limitations that need to be taken into account during the development of a model for planning material and information flows in the field of road freight transportation. Here are presented types and variants of multiparty delivery, analyzed delivery options that are possible under various conditions and restrictions presented in the application. This paper highlights the most pressing issues of inter-organizational cooperation between participants in road transport of goods and the introduction of concepts such as «Just in time» and «Exactly in sequence» in the practice of planning transportation in the territory of municipalities. It was concluded that one of the reasons for the low efficiency of planning activities is the problems of organizational relationships between road transport participants. To solve these problems, a conceptual approach based on logistic principles is proposed: «Exactly on time» and «Exactly in sequence» Accordingly, the article justifies the need to introduce the above principles into planning practice in order to improve control and management processes in the transport sector. Transportation planning based on Just-In-Time and Just-In-Sequence logistics concepts is essential as only within such a system can the cargo deli-very process be fully controlled. This system improves customer relations, strengthens the company's position in the market, stabilizes its financial position and strengthens its competitive advantages. The study defines the prerequisites and limitations that need to be taken into account during the development of a model for planning material and information flows in the field of road freight transportation. Here are presented types and variants of multiparty delivery, analyzed delivery options that are possible under various conditions and restrictions presented in the application.
48-56
The article is a brief overview of the formation history of the special economic zones, the current stage of development of this preferential regime, as well as the features of the functioning and prospects for the development of special economic zones in the world as a whole and on the territory of Russian Federation, taking into current geopolitical and economic realities.In particular, the article examines the main milestones in the buildingand evolution of special economic zones in the world, which determined the basis for the functioning of the preferential regime, and current trends in further development.An overview of the special economic zones operating on the territory of the Russian Federation is presented, the main types of special economic zones provided for by current legislation are indicated, and a corresponding list is presented indicating the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on whose territory the special economic zones are located.The author provides a brief description of the economic effect of the functioning of this preferential regime ac-cording to basic socio-economic parameters: the number of residents, jobs created, and the volume of investments made. Relevant graphic materials are presented in the context of types of special economic zones.The work examines tax benefits and other preferences provided to residents of a special economic zone at the federal and regional levels at all stages of the life cycle of an investment project.Based on an assessment of the contribution of special economic zones to the economic development of the country, the authors consider the possibility of developing basic sectors of domestic industry based on the infrastructure of special economic zones, taking into account the effect of clustering of the production cycle and the tax and other preferences provided to residents of special economic zones.
56-66
The article reveals the theoretical content of the concept of educational potential of higher education, reveals its structural components, and identifies parameters and evaluation indicators. The purpose of the work is to formulate the features of the educational potential of higher education in the Omsk region, to identify its bottlenecks and promising areas of development. The article uses a comparative analysis of data from monitoring the performance of Russian universities, through which an assessment of the current instruments of state regulation of the industry was made, and the need for the participation of regional authorities in the development of territorial markets was substantiated. Based on a generalization of statistical data, the content of the educational potential of higher education in one of the largest regions of Siberia is revealed.The analysis revealed a significant deformation in the structure of training highly qualified personnel in the region, associated with a disproportionately high share of commercial education, low accessibility of educational areas of the socio-economic group, and weak competition for admission to technical universities. The Omsk region does not sufficiently use its existing potential and does not meet the demand for quality educational services, which leads to a decrease in the quality of human capital in the region and stimulates migration outflow.The results of the article can be used to adjust plans for the development of domestic higher education and optimize state policy in the field of higher education. The study demonstrated the importance of developing higher education in the region as an integral system, maximally adapted to both local territorial labor markets and priority areas for training highly qualified personnel.
66-73
The article analyzes school meals in the municipal government system based on the materials of the Omsk region. The regulatory framework and the main approaches to the organization of school meals are discussed. The categories of students receiving free school meals are identified, and sources of funding are considered. The assessment of the quality of student service is given, the practice of competitive selection of service providers and procurement of raw materials is considered.The study of theoretical aspects made it possible to substantiate the need for state regulation of the school nutrition system. The article describes the existing negative consequences and problems related to the organization of hot meals in schools in Omsk. Due to the importance of the issue under consideration, a set of measures for the effectiveness of school meals and the reduction of food waste is proposed, a new indicator is considered, the coefficient of "inedibility". The conducted research indicates the need for an integrated approach to the organization of healthy nutrition for schoolchildren, the formation of rational nutrition skills. Based on the reasoned conclusions, measures aimed at improving the nutrition of schoolchildren are proposed.
Finance
74-81
Cyber risk has become a new dangerous phenomenon of the 21st century. One of the tools that can significantly reduce the likelihood and scope of damage from this type of threat is insurance. Cyber insurance offers a good opportunity to transfer risks to insurance companies and therefore can contribute to effective risk management. However, cyber risk management is still underdeveloped in companies and requires significant development. The re-sults of the study emphasize the growing importance of insurance for information security risks, but also a certain skepticism towards insurance solutions. Despite this, cyber insurance is currently emerging as a major new insurance market, the importance of which will increase significantly in the coming years. The paper reveals the top 10 incidents in the industry 2021-2024, the forecast of the Russian cybersecurity market, the essence of cyber insurance as one of the tools to minimize financial damage in case of unauthorized access to data in the system or computer of the organization. The paper illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of relevant protective measures and insurance solutions currently offered by insurers. The authors emphasize the need to take measures to strengthen cybersecurity and enhance cyber culture in order to minimize possible threats and ensure macrofinancial stability.
82-88
Modern approaches to financial planning and break-even analysis are used in various material-intensive sectors of the economy, but not enough in the service sector. In the accommodation facilities, one of the profit centers is the Food Service, but the lack of financial analytics in the field of economics and planning, as a rule, leads to the fact that the turnover of this service amounts to millions of rubles, and there is no actual profit due to the lack of calculations of cost indicators and in general management. expenses of this department. Managing the cost of food in the placement of funds is a pressing problem discussed at all modern conferences and forums. At the same time, these issues are alienated from the problems of financial planning, despite the fact that they are closely related. In this re-gard, this article gives the concept of “food cost” and establishes that it is inseparable from the concepts of “break-even point” and “cost” of food. It has been established that an obligatory stage of managing the moment of ineligibility is the development of a “Budget of Income and Expenses” for the Food Service in Hotels. Calculating break-even points and food cost indicators by dividing the cost of the results by its final price leads to setting the price of food sold so that, on the one hand, they are beneficial to the hotel, and on the other hand, they are attractive to the guest. Thus, it is concluded that the parameters of food cost, markup and break-even point are interdependent, and the dependence is on sales volumes, the tariff with food and its availability. Metrics for management analysis are also proposed and their calculations are presented, which will contribute to the formation of more accurate indicators of the effectiveness of financial planning of the Hotel Food Service.
Management
89-96
Modern enterprise management, taking into account the introduction of innovation, artificial intelligence and digitalization, faces numerous difficulties associated with an increase in the volume and complexity of information, an expansion of the network of interaction and communications, and an increase in the number of stakeholders, which leads to increased costs and decreased efficiency. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to form a digital system of the organization that will help business processes function effectively and make timely, correct management decisions. The article is devoted to the theoretical aspects of managing an organization's digital system. A generalized analysis of interpretations of the concept of “digital organizational system” from different positions and approaches is presented. The authors define the digital ecosystem of an organization as a network system of relationships between stakeholders in business activities, built on values and regulated by institutions, which functions through digital platforms and services. The main components of the digital ecosystem of an organization are identified, such as the «internal digital system of the organization», «digital twin of the organization», «digital platforms», «digital environment", "network communications ("network effects"), "values", "institutions".The issues of interaction of the internal digital system of the organization with the external digital environment at the micro and macro levels are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the influence of the digital environment on the functioning of the organization, as well as to the formation of conceptual institutional and axiological foundations of digital transformation. Examples of the use of software blocks in the digital system of the organization to perform operations with data, such as receiving, transmitting, processing and storing information are given.The article will be of interest to executives and managers dealing with digital transformation in their organiza-tions.
96-103
The article studies various aspects of sustainability management based on the case study of the Live Food Club, the first farm in Russia officially operating on the principles of community supported agriculture (CSA). The main outcome of the study is the identification of all three aspects of sustainable management of community supported agriculture: economic, ecological and social. Economic sustainability is realised through the 3R business model: the sharing of risks, benefits and responsibilities between the farmer and consumers, long term relationship and formal contract between them. In particular, consumers provide a fixed solidarity payment at the beginning of the season and thereafter receive a weekly basket of farm products. Ecological sustainability is formed through agroecological farming and the production of safe and high-quality food, biodiversity. Social sustainability is formed through the establishment of direct partnership between farmers and consumers and mutual trust, exclusion of intermediaries, as well as through education. Training is organised for club members (farmers, consumers) and the local community (local farmers, school teachers and pupils). The unique characteristics of this community supported agriculture “Live Food Club” are the focus on social entrepreneurship; biodynamic farming; and emotions as a part of the product. The model of community supported agriculture corresponds to the model of social entrepreneurship, because on the one hand, its main objectives are ecological and social (providing the club members with healthy food based on agro-ecological and biodynamic farming), on the other hand, the 3R business model is used to ensure financial sustainability. This gives us directions for further research on community supported agriculture.
103-111
The paper considers the issues of managing environmental processes in a transport company. It analyzes current trends in the market for the environmental impact of logistics services by type of activity, analyzes the dynamics of carbon dioxide emissions and other impact options. It assesses the compliance of vehicles with the requirements of modern international and national environmental standards. It considers the current practice of minimizing environ-mental damage from the provision of logistics services, and analyzes the attractiveness of green logistics activities, on the basis of which a conclusion is formed about the need for a systematic approach to the design, creation and opera-tion of the environmental management system of a transport company. It analyzes the weaknesses of the green ap-proach in the form of high costs and significant production risks, and considers areas for increasing the attractiveness of green logistics. It analyzes the requirements of international environmental management standards, which are compared with the functionality of green logistics, on the basis of which areas for improving logistics processes are determined. It considers the main areas of resource use in green logistics processes, and assesses the possibility of replacing them with other renewable resources, taking into account compliance with environmental requirements for environmental protection. A green logistics model is being developed, on the basis of which recommendations are given for the quantitative determination of basic values of environmental impact, as well as methods for setting green logistics goals. A general conclusion is being formed on the need to implement the requirements of ISO 14001-2016 in green logistics processes.
Methodology and technology of vocational education
112-119
The article discusses the issues of creating conditions for the development of competencies among students of technical universities, including skills in working with information models of engineering objects (BIM competencies). Such competencies are in high demand in the labor market. However, educational programs in relevant areas of training are just beginning to be introduced in the country’s universities. The training system for “construction in-formation modeling specialists” has not yet developed. The article presents data from a content analysis of publications devoted to various aspects of teaching civil engineering students. A list of training areas has been identified to provide the construction industry with much-needed BIM specialists.The article touches upon the issues of forming the content and methodological components of the educational process. The author emphasizes that information modeling is an integral part of the modern engineering design process and should be implemented at all stages of training future specialists.
Ontology and theory of cognition
119-127
The philosophy of the twentieth century set itself the task of transforming the contemporary world and united many intellectual practices that should be united by a common concept - constructivism. Organization of space, structuring of time, the emergence of a person-inventor in the foreground, the priority of will, ignoring the objective law (social, scientific). All of the above represent a constructive field that becomes the object of human effort, and the constructed world gradually denies humanity to man. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, it is proclaimed desirable that the dominant principle of thought should take a subordinate position. The need to search for entities and actualize transcendences increases.
127-139
The concept of text, as the main category of poststructuralism and postmodernism, requires appropriate historical and genre reflection in philosophy. The term «text», taken in a ready-made form, as an expression of the modern epoch-making specificity of literature, artistic expressiveness in general, philosophizing, worldview and postmodern style of thinking, goes into inventive arguments and translates serious philosophy into the entertainment industry. M.M. Bakhtin, analyzing the genre and stylistic significance of the text He forms not only his own vision of historical poetics and the history of genres, but also asserts dialogicality and polyfonicity as universal methods of analysis. By separating one-voiced and two-voiced words, Bakhtin shows their socio-cultural nature and bases the coexistence of different subjects, consciousnesses, and voices. A text understood only as a work guarantees the objective presence not only of the author, but also of the addressee and addressee, is not subject to dispersion in an amorphous text space, and does not lose borders.
Social and political philosophy
139-149
This article is about the complex evolution of medieval Western European society under influence of natural and climatic factors which started the peoples’ migration. Authors are assessing the impact of this complex on the socio-economic and political system of Europe on the eve of the Crusades. Special attention is paid to the formation of European society hierarchical structure based on feudal dependence, which inevitably involved different categories of medieval migrants. Here is proved the key role of the feudal hierarchy in the creation of a specific political culture based on weak state power, the freedom of arbitrariness of rich magnates and the ultimate separation of estates, reaching in extreme forms to the «war of all against all». The article concludes with the conclusion that the political culture of the European Middle Ages had an internally contradictory character, combining the authoritarian power of feudal lords with an individualistic worldview that was established among the dependent estates.
149-158
Chinese ethical teachings, which have their roots in antiquity and have a significant impact on the culture and social life of the Chinese people, have undergone significant changes under the influence of various factors. The changes were a consequence of the need to adapt to new living conditions. This article analyzes the causes and consequences of the transition from Confucianism through Maoism to modern ethical and political ideas, and also examines the impact of these changes on the political and social life of the country. The main goals and objectives of these ideologies are considered in order to assess the impact on the formation of values, organizational structures related to the activities of state authorities. It is emphasized that Confucianism sought to improve personality, harmony in society through moral development. However, in modern China, traditional, hierarchical, conservative principles contradict the modern values of democracy, freedom, and equality, which limits their influence on public consciousness in the 21st century. In the case of the emergence of Maoism, focused on the principles of equality, collectivism, and the cultural revolution, which radically changed the social structure, economy, and political life of China, the transition to mass repression and cultural degradation is analyzed. Despite the support from the proletariat and peasantry due to the emphasis on social equality, which was resisted by the upper classes due to the threat of loss of privileges in the post-Maoist era, under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, as well as subsequent leaders, China adopted a course towards «socialism with Chinese characteristics», which successfully combined socialist, capitalist elements, which it contributed to significant progress in the development of the state. It is the study of the evolution of Chinese ethical teachings from Confucianism through Maoism to modern ideas of socialism with Chinese specifics and the concept of a community of a single destiny of mankind that demonstrates the ability of Chinese civilization to adapt to changes, provides a unique opportunity to immerse oneself in history and understand the essence of accepted modern attitudes of this largely amazing country, contributing to a deep understanding of cultural heritage, ideological transformations taking place in the the vast expanses of China, offering tools to solve modern global challenges.