Regional and Sectoral Economy
2-13
Omsk region is one of the most significant tourist regions of Western Siberia. An important role in its tourist and recreational potential is played by the ancient Moscow-Siberian tract. As a transport route, it existed from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century. But interest in it as a historical and tourist site began to manifest itself since the late 1950s. The purpose of the study is to find out how 10 municipal districts of the Omsk region, through which the Moscow-Siberian tract passed, use it as a tourist resource for the development and implementation of tourist and excursion programs. To assess the tourist capabilities of the Moscow-Siberian tract, it is advisable to use a historical and geographical approach that allows a comprehensive study of related objects in the municipal districts of the Omsk region throughout. Research methods include scientific description, comparison and analysis of statistics. The generalization of literary sources on tourist resources of the Omsk region makes it possible to determine the importance of the Moscow-Siberian tract in the tourist potential of the region. Municipal districts of the Omsk region have been identified, for which the Moscow-Siberian tract plays a leading role in positioning the tourist potential, determining the directions of tourist and excursion activities. The possibilities of the Moscow-Siberian tract as a tourist resource have not yet been exhausted and in the future may become the basis for tourist and recreational design of inter-municipal and interregional tourist routes. The strengthening of the role of the Moscow-Siberian tract in tourism of the Omsk region took place gradually. Currently, its tourist resources are most effectively used in the activities of the four municipal districts adjacent to it: Bolsherechensky, Bolsheukovsky, Tarsky and Tyukalinsky.
14-20
The article presents a brief overview of the methodological aspects of planning at the enterprise in the conditions of a market management system. The possibility and necessity of using planning, as well as planning factors due to the competitive environment are explained. The main classifications of approaches to planning are considered. The features of methodological and functional management principles of planning at the enterprise are revealed. A brief description of the forms of planning (strategic, tactical, operational planning) and their corresponding planning methods (matrix, graphical, computational and analytical, regulatory and balance) is presented.
21-32
He process of formation and development of theoretical views on the essence, role and functions of the economic mechanism is considered. The factors and conditions influencing the nature and efficiency of the economic mechanism, the relationship between the real and theoretical economic mechanism, taking into account the development of the world and Russian economy, are shown. Mercantilists considered the economic mechanism as the engine of trade and the accumulation of money with the support of the state. The classics developed a systematic approach to the interpretation of the economic mechanism. Emphasis was placed on the principles of freedom and interests of entrepreneurs, on the importance of private property, competition, self-regulation of the market. An economic mechanism was proclaimed without state intervention in the economy. In the twentieth century industrial progress revealed significant shortcomings of the theory of the classics, the Keynesian model of the economic mechanism arose, which included state regulation of macroeconomic processes. This applied to the formation of aggregate demand, stimulation of investment, the influence of the state on the psychology of entrepreneurs, the use of a multiplier, the conduct of an active monetary policy while maintaining the role of the market and private initiative. Methods were developed for the operation of the economic mechanism in conditions of cyclical fluctuations, an increase in investment (accelerator), and ensuring sustainable economic growth rates. The role of institutional theory in the interpretation of the improvement of the economic mechanism under the influence of established traditions and rules of behavior of market entities and the state is shown. It has been argued that the rights of people to free activity, to guarantees of property rights, which are regulated by custom, law or contract, are of great importance. Without these institutions, the interests of business development do not work, the economic mechanism ceases to operate. The state must act on the basis of democratic institutions. The features of the Russian economic mechanism are considered: excessive state intervention in the economy, weakening of market elements, monopoly, bureaucracy, corruption, predominant orientation to the external market, poor development of one's own economy and market.
Finance
33-40
The concept of sustainable development today is a global trend that determines the vector of transformation and transformation of national economies. It affects such important areas as ecological balance, economic growth and social responsibility. An analysis of the regulatory framework and scientific achievements of both Russian and foreign scientists made it possible to classify the definitions of the concept of sustainable development according to three key factors: ecology, economy and society. The study revealed that the definitions of the concept of sustainable development by some authors are currently incomplete, because they take into account either only one or two of the three factors. In 2015, the United Nations launched 17 sustainable development goals to be achieved by 2030. The Sustainable Development Goals are universal in nature and are intended for all countries. The study identified a special index for achieving sustainable development goals - SDG Index (Sustainable Development Goals Index). The Russian Federation is included in this index, and therefore the article considers its features of achieving sustainable development goals. The article presents the rating of countries participating in the SDG Index for achieving sustainable development goals in 2021. The Russian Federation is included in this index, its place in this index is shown, and its features of achieving sustainable development goals are considered - the degree of achievement of each of the 17 goals. The concept of sustainable development is the idea of the development of society. Without the formation of an appropriate financial system, a market for green instruments, the achievement of sustainable development goals will be impossible.
Management
41-53
Throughout the history of existence and development of management, companies have attempted to find the most appropriate and effective technologies and methods of management, allowing the company to achieve its goals. Any organization is a subject of continuous change. Market, social, political situation change with lightning speed. Adjustment, addition of instructions, and often their complete rewriting, reformulation of the goals are certainly possible, but it takes a huge amount of time, which leads to a decrease in the time left for the work itself. In order to change this situation, the introduction of value-based management in companies has become urgent in recent years. The axiological aspects of management are specific for each country. Nevertheless, the general principles can be used by companies in the same way. The globalization of business implies the consideration and adoption of the values of partner companies. The growing importance of China as an economic and political power makes it extremely important for Russian business to understand what drives Chinese managers and leaders in order to help understand employee motivation and how companies can work together more effectively as part of business development. The changed external and internal conditions of economic development have prompted Russia to adopt a large-scale import substitution policy in almost all sectors of the economy, driven by both the worsening geopolitical situation and internal structural problems. China is a leader in the implementation of import substitution policy, i.e. the reorientation of the policy to strengthen the role of the domestic market and accelerate the development of modern industries. This policy is based, according to the authors of the article, on corporate values, the study of management of which, in order to implement in their practice, will allow Russian companies to strengthen their position in the market
54-61
The article analyzes the problems of the modern trade union movement in Russia. The theoretical and methodological aspects of the digital transformation of trade unions in the system of social and labor relations have been studied. The digital ecosystem involves network interaction of subjects, processes, technologies. In the process of its formation, it is important to understand the behavior of both workers and employers in the digital environment. Most research in the field of ecosystems is mainly focused on business processes and technical issues, while research on the interaction of social and labor relations actors in the trade union ecosystem is limited. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop the theoretical and methodological foundations for the digital transformation of trade unions in the system of social and labor relations based on the ecosystem approach. In this study, the authors consider trade unions as an institutional and axiological mechanism for regulating social and labor relations in the enterprise management system, aimed at achieving a balance of interests of the parties. Modern trade unions form their own ecosystem, which is part of the ecosystem of social and labor relations. The author's concept of the digital transformation of trade unions and the ecosystem model of trade unions, based on the institutional and axiological methodology, which helps to increase the performance of trade union organizations and reduce social tension in labor collectives, is proposed. The introduction of the ecosystem will require a change in most of the rules and regulations, the legal framework governing relationships in the digital sphere of social and labor relations. The study has theoretical and practical significance and can be used by trade unions to form a program and roadmap for the digital transformation of trade unions.
General Pedagogy, History of Pedagogy and Education
62-72
The subject of the article is the problem of the development of youth entrepreneurship in Russia and the role of the university in the formation of future entrepreneurs. The goal is to search for institutional conditions in the university environment that would allow the transition of the domestic higher school to the training of graduates focused on entrepreneurial activity. The research methods used in the article include methods of systematic and general scientific research, analysis of scientific literature; comparative analysis, method of generalization. Based on the analysis of historical evolution, the article concludes that a new generation university is a multi-layered, intensively developing educational, scientific and innovative complex, adaptive to the requirements of the external environment, producing scientific and technical innovations, focused on meeting consumer demand of the main specialized markets. The paper focuses on the fact that the dominant idea of a new university in philosophical and sociological discourse is expressed in a utilitarian and pragmatic approach to both educational goals and the organization of the learning process itself, which does not give any guarantees of the formation of a socio-cultural space capable of generating an entrepreneurial ethos. It is shown that the university environment is a unity of the following components: educational space; research and production space; educational environment; socio-cultural environment and boards of trustees (alumni associations). It is concluded that the key entrepreneurial competencies are best formed in the educational environment where, along with the educational process, students are integrated into the social projects of the university. The author comes to the conclusion that all the main components of the educational program should include a variety of active pedagogical methods and tools, because the use of creative and active teaching methods in the educational process contributes to the development of creative culture and imagination of students; influences innovative thinking and strategic planning skills; promotes the development of analytical and predictive abilities.
73-84
The article deals with the problem of designing the implementation of the youth policy of the municipality on the example of the city of Omsk from the standpoint of social, demographic, organizational and psychological and pedagogical aspects. The vision of the prospects for such a multi-vector activity as the organization of youth policy is a persistently problematic area of modern society. In recent years, various forms of grant support have become one of the areas for the implementation of youth policy, which requires interaction between the activities of youth policy bodies at all levels of government. This article is devoted to the search for new possible steps in the development of this area of work and new target performance indicators.
Methodology and Technology of Vocational Education
85-97
There was the distant teaching of electrotechnics in Urals state university of railway transport during an appearance of sickness cases of a new coronavirus disease «COVID-19» experience described in this article. Addition stages of the distant teaching methods are described, as well as problems of organizational and technical aspects of the distant teaching. The methods of distant teaching of electrotechnical subjects are covered in detail in division into all types of classes: lectures, practical classes, laboratory work, students’ self-education and exams. The conclusions are made about expediency of the distant teaching methods for usage of them during an offline teaching period for every type of classes. Results of a students’ survey about their opinion about the methods and results of the distant teaching are given. The survey has been made for students having different experience of distant and offline teaching in the university. The main conclusion of this article is a requiring of saving the following methods and programs of the distant teaching of electrotechnics during the offline teaching: «BlackBoard» system, «Circuit Simulator» application for electrical circuits calculation, graphical editor, spreadsheets, online calculators. Thus, for an ability of utilization of mentioned it is recommended to do some lectures and practical classes distantly or offline, or in classrooms with projectors which can be plugged in directly to lecturer’s personal computer. It is also important to have a wireless access to the Internet in these classrooms. Consultations are recommended to be done distantly. The exams are recommended to be done offline for a whole group and distantly in case of individual retakes. An increased student presence during the offline classes is noticed as an advantage of them over the distant ones. It has a positive effect on the results of teaching.
98-110
The article focuses on the importance of methodological support for scientific research undergraduates, which during the period of study is a preparation for the implementation and subsequent defense of a master's thesis. Taking into account the relevance of this issue, the object of the study was the actions of an educational organization aimed at developing the research activities of students in technical areas of training, the subject - methodological recommendations for organizing research work in the magistracy in the direction of training «Technology of transport processes». During the study, methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction based on a systematic approach were used. As a result, the authors substantiate the importance of research work of students at the university, determine the importance of material and non-material motivation of students, and present the positive experience of the Omsk State Transport University in stimulating students to conduct scientific work. For the formation of methodological support for scientific research of undergraduates in the direction of training «Technology of Transport Processes», the article reveals the procedure for organizing their scientific activities, formulates step-by-step recommendations for students of universities of the second level of training (master's) for organizing scientific research, completing a master's thesis and successfully defending it before the state examination commission. The end-to-end sequence of actions of the head of the master's program from the beginning of training, ending with the defense of the master's thesis, is determined. The scientific novelty of the results presented in the article lies in a comprehensive consideration of the organization of research work in the magistracy, taking into account their motivation for positive performance results. The main provisions and methodological recommendations are of practical importance and can be used by transport universities for methodological support of scientific research undergraduates in technical areas of training.
Philosophical anthropology, Philosophy of Culture
117-123
The article discusses the currently known phenomenon of artificial intelligence. This phenomenon is considered in complex research contexts: both technical and civilizational, as well as general philosophical, social, futurological. Due to the variety of areas of study of artificial intelligence, it is analyzed both as a potential support for humanity (possibly for an individual) and as a threat to the adequate existence of society. The awakening of consciousness in a machine and its development as a subject with its own intellect is the most acute question asked today not only by scientists, but by humanity as a whole. At the same time, the degree of multidimensionality and philosophical and cultural complexity of the phenomenon of artificial intelligence, despite the considerable number of works, does not decrease. This phenomenon remains relevant due to the constantly emerging innovative developments in robotics and robotics, which determines the preservation of the scientific and cultural significance of such issues as communication between a person and an android, the interchangeability of human and artificial intelligence. Also, predictive arguments about the impact of simulated intelligence on the common future of mankind, about the potential equality between the biosocial and android personality are put forward in the research avant-garde