Regional and Sectoral Economy
2-11
The article considers the process of managing the competitiveness of enterprises, which boils down to creating competitive advantages in all areas of life and represents a comprehensive, purposeful solution of issues. It is determined that the object of regulation in the competitiveness management system is the potential of an enterprise in terms of creating competitive advantages that provide it with a higher value than competitors. Emphasis is placed on the understanding that the assessment of the competitiveness of an enterprise should begin with the analysis of competitors. The success of an enterprise is determined primarily by such components as: consumers, competitors and costs. It is revealed that competitive analysis is a detailed analysis of the information presented in the industry and situational analysis through the prism of the description of the essential characteristics of competitors and the actual processes of competition. A step-by-step algorithm for analyzing the competitiveness of an enterprise is proposed, which aims to give a comprehensive assessment of the activities of competitors. A feature of the proposed competitiveness assessment system is: search for competitors depending on the research objectives; competitor analysis, including: building a competitor map, comparative analysis of the portfolio, comparative analysis of prices and distribution, positioning of players in the market, evaluation of promotion methods, description of the key consumer, a brief SWOT analysis of competitors; analysis of the company's activities according to the selected criteria with by adding reputational analysis, marketing effectiveness evaluation, M. Porter's 5 forces of competition model, PEST analysis; comparison of the company with competitors; conclusion on the necessary changes to improve its own competitiveness.
11-21
Info-digitalization, emergence and spread of epidemics, energy crises, military operations, activation of ecological approach in various types and spheres of people's life activities, change the world of work and the whole sphere of social and labor relations. Leadership, creativity, passion, passion, creativity and education are the qualities that modern workers should possess. Education is an important socially significant institution that educates and develops mental, spiritual and creative abilities, forms a system of views and assessments, personal qualities of a person. The article considers the issues of human capital and education, their value in the new world of work, reveals the data of the analysis of the level of education of the population in Russia and in some countries of the world, summarizes and presents the results of the survey of students about the need and value of higher education, substantiates the need to increase the prestige of Russian higher education, improve its quality, expresses the opinion on the adaptation of fundamental university education to the real needs of modern economy, teaching students to practice the skills and skills of higher education.
21-31
Human resources ensure the efficient operation of the trucking company. The management of the organization faces an important task, which consists in the competent management of this type of resources in order to increase the productivity of both each individual employee and the business entity as a whole, which in turn should lead to an increase in the financial results of the enterprise. The main part of the labor resources of motor transport enterprises are drivers directly engaged in transportation. The subject of the study is the content of the work of drivers of the motor transport industry. The purpose of the study is to study the essence of the work of drivers of motor transport enterprises on the basis of the current legislation of the Russian Federation in the conditions of digitalization of the economy. Within the framework of the work, methods of graphical and tabular representation of data, analysis of existing regulatory legal acts, and the method of data comparison were used. The article concludes that it is necessary to develop a professional standard for the profession of «car driver», which has been under development in the Russian Federation for several years. The author has developed a classification of drivers of the motor transport industry according to the criterion of their transportation: passenger, cargo, combined, special transport. The classification is presented in the form of a diagram. The concept of «combined transportation» is introduced, its content is formulated. The essence of the concept is the simultaneous transportation of both passenger and cargo, which is most often luggage. Based on the classification proposed by the author, a comparison of the categories of the driver's license of motor transport drivers and the types of transportation carried out by drivers was carried out. The obtained results can be used for further study of the content of the labor activity of motor transport drivers in the Russian Federation, as well as applied in the development of a draft professional standard for the profession of «driver». The content of the article corresponds to the research areas 5.4 «Issues of regulation of the transport industry (by types of transport) at the national and international level» and 8.12 «Theoretical and methodological foundations of labor economics» specialty 5.2.3 «Regional and sectoral economics» according to the passport of the specialties of the Higher Attestation Commission (economic Sciences).
31-40
The article, based on the sustainable development goals formulated by the United Nations, conducts a study of existing options for reducing the impact of thermal energy generation on climate change and environmental pollution. To do this, based on existing options for technical solutions, a modification of local thermal energy generation systems has been proposed, based on the use of alternative sources that convert solar energy into thermal energy, which can be used both for heating homes and for hot water supply. Possible options for technology for obtaining thermal energy from solar energy are considered, and the conditions for the implementation of such systems in various nature conditions, including those characteristic of the south of Western Siberia, are investigated. The impact on their distribution of government support programs for the development of green energy, including the Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation, is assessed. Based on a technical description of the process of generating thermal energy in solar systems and the climatic characteristics of Western Siberia and the Omsk region, evidence is presented of the sufficiency of the level of solar radiation in the Omsk city to produce a significant part of the thermal energy necessary for both heating of houses and hot water supply. Significant technological risks of operating solar systems due to low ambient temperatures in winter have been identified, to overcome which it is proposed to introduce special anti-freeze systems based on conservation of the operating circuit in unfavorable natural conditions, which will allow the safe and efficient use of solar energy for heat production in the regions of the south Western Siberia.
41-50
The article discusses the features of the formation of the brand of a teacher of an educational organization in the information and communication environment, taking into account its importance for educational activities and education of young people. In the conditions of a knowledge society, the role of a teacher changes from a carrier of information to a full-fledged subject of legal relations in the publication of educational literature and a public person who generates ideas and also participates in the media environment. The mission of the teacher is not only to educate young people, but also to educate, form patriotism and civic responsibility in their country. The brand of a university teacher is a multi-valued phenomenon, since with its help the educational and scientific methodology is broadcast to all interested parties in the public and scientific spheres of activity. The choice of conditions for the formation and development of a teacher's brand has general and specific characteristics, as it depends on his personality, areas of scientific research and disciplines he reads. A characteristic feature of the modern information and communication environment is the openness of information about the activities of the teaching staff in relation to all interested parties and not only to students of a particular university. In addition, another feature of the channels of information about the types of teaching and research activities is their multiplicity: a lecture audience, an internal local network of the university, social networks, open Internet sources and a personal website, domestic and foreign citation systems, electronic library systems. Comprehensive work to create and promote the brand of the teacher allows you to use all these channels. The goal of supporting the teacher's brand is not his personal aspirations and needs, but to a greater extent the university's needs for strong brands of educational organizations, which helps to strengthen their competitiveness. The scientific novelty of the results presented in the article lies in the substantiation of the need for the formation and development of brands named after individual teachers in the context of the development of the information society and the use of various communication channels.
50-62
The subject of the study is the process of measuring labor productivity in organizations of housing and communal services in Russia. The purpose of the work is to study the problem of assessing labor productivity and economic efficiency in the housing and communal services sector. The review-analytical method used in the work. The analysis of scientific publications in the journals "Housing and Communal Services", "Communal complex of Russia", "Housing and communal services of Siberia", "Labor Economics" allowed us to conclude that the problem of assessing labor productivity and economic efficiency in the housing and communal services sector is not reflected in the industry literature. The result of the study was that there is not and cannot be a single indicator of labor productivity and methods of measuring it in housing and communal services. However, there is always a socially important issue of the level of tariffs for housing and communal services, which influenced through the regulation of labor productivity in the industry. Calculation and management of these indicators is a priority management task of any head of an organization in the housing and utilities sector.Such explain the urgency of increasing productivity in housing and communal services: circumstances as the increasing shortage of labor due to demographic factors and the growth in the volume of housing being commissioned; increased requirements for the comfort of the living environment; the need to reduce the cost of labor; the need to switch the solvent demand of the population from the services of labor reproduction to healthcare, education and recreation; the need to attract private investments for the transformation of infrastructure activities currently subsidized from the budget. Moreover, the reduction of housing and communal services costs from the consolidated budget carried out without a significant increase in tariffs for consumers. The field of application of the research results is the housing and communal sphere.
63-74
One of the issues related to e-commerce and included in the list of logistical aspects is the last mile related to the B2C segment. The last mile in the B2C segment is crucial, because it directly affects customer satisfaction; it is often the most expensive and difficult stage of delivery, since it involves navigation through increasingly urbanized and transport-congested cities; It plays an important role for the environment (the expansion of the use of the last mile has led to an increase in the traffic of freight vehicles in cities, and, accordingly, to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions). Consequently, the last mile in the B2C segment requires considerable attention in terms of scientific study.The article gives one of the definitions of the last mile related to the B2C segment. The generalized characteristics of such a last mile are characterized. The device of the last mile in the B2C segment is presented. The elements providing pickup in the last mile are analyzed. The features inherent in digitalization in the last mile related to the B2C segment are revealed. The specific elements of the formation of the cost of the last mile in this segment are given. A comparison of the options for cooperation in the last mile related to the B2C segment: outsourcing and crowdsourcing. The problems that companies face when it comes to the last mile in the B2C segment and the challenges facing the last mile in the B2C segment are listed. The ways of reducing the operating costs for the last mile in the B2C segment are indicated: combining several deliveries to a specific area of the city; using micro-fulfillment centers, i.e. small warehouses located next to customers; optimizing the routes of each cargo van; operating autonomous electric cargo vehicles, platforms, cargo drones, robot couriers; using cargo trucks whenever possible. bicycles. The main questions that should be asked when choosing a carrier for the last mile related to the B2C segment are mentioned. The article concludes with a conclusion.
Finance
74-81
The global wind of economic integration never ceases to catch up with the accounting profession, putting intense pressure on countries and states to apply uniform accounting standards. The reform of Russian accounting and reporting began more than 30 years ago and was perceived as a way forward to harmonize accounting practices in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The introduction of accounting principles proclaimed by the international community was received ambiguously by accountants. Many were against such an innovation. However, the status of financial statements prepared in accordance with international rules was enshrined in law in 2010, and the tension in the professional community has gradually subsided. Today the question arises whether the country has benefited from the proclaimed advantages of IFRS, taking into account the costs and benefits, and whether Russian accountants are satisfied with the conversion of accounting to IFRS. The article presents the results of a survey of practicing accountants in the city of Omsk on the feasibility of applying international standards, reveals the advantages and disadvantages of their application.
Management
82-90
The article actualizes the problem of studying and disseminating the experience of different countries in the field of forming and evaluating teams of university transformation projects. The contribution to the solution of this problem is the research presented in the article. The purpose of the study is to summarize and conduct a comparative analysis of the experience of forming and evaluating teams of transformation projects in the cross-country context. The study was conducted in several stages in the period from 2021 to 2023. The research methods were in-depth interview and questionnaire survey. The study covered a total of 46 universities in Russia, Georgia, Serbia, Iran, the total sample size of experts at the three stages of the study was about 718 people. The main results of the study were: approaches to the formation of teams of transformation projects of universities in different countries are described; the practice of evaluating teams of transformation projects is studied; the main evaluation criteria used in different countries are established; an author's approach to the evaluation and formation of project teams is proposed, taking into account their role and competence models. The scientific novelty is the results of a comparative analysis of various aspects of the formation and evaluation of teams of transformation projects of universities of four countries. The proposed author's competence and role model of the university transformation project team is also new. The material of the article can be useful both to researchers on the identified issues, and to specialists involved in the creation and development of management teams of university projects.
91-101
The authors focus on one of the key topics of spatial development of Russia as a whole and its hotel subjects – the development of integration of university complexes with employers in the regions, various forms of collaboration of which can produce a synergistic effect in social and economic spheres. The article actualises the need to stimulate the development of such forms of business cooperation and ties with employers that would solve urgent problems of innovative development of territories. Based on the analysis of literature and the experience of cooperation between universities and regional enterprises, the authors substantiate the following typology of business relations and cooperation in the "system of relations "university-enterprise": 1) practice-oriented type, accumulating such forms of cooperation as the organisation of practical training for students, ordering targeted training for students, organising excursions to enterprises; 2) skill-oriented type, with such forms of cooperation as employers' participation in the development and expertise of basic educational programmes; 2) skill-oriented type, with such forms of cooperation as the participation of employers in the development and examination of basic educational programmes; 3) skill-oriented type, with such forms of cooperation as the participation of employers in the development and examination of basic educational programmes. The dominant forms of business relations and cooperation in the innovative type are joint research activities and the development of network forms of interaction. The study analysed federal documents aimed at addressing the issues of integration of universities and regional economic entities, as well as developed a questionnaire and conducted a survey of employers' representatives of Omsk State Transport University. The authors' conclusion: the dominant forms of integration with the university complex Omsk State Transport University for the majority of employers in the region are technologies of the practice-oriented type, and the most rare – of the innovative type.
Methodology and technology of vocational education
102-114
Despite the fact that Down syndrome and the very concept of "children of the sun" began to be actively used back in the 19th century to characterize special people who differ from others in physical and intellectual development, many questions concerning the causes of pathology, the conditions of development of such children, the problems of their socialization, the peculiarities of teaching the profession remain relevant today. The article examines the factors influencing the development of Down syndrome; highlights the features that characterize sunny people. Special attention is paid to the importance and role of the family in the process of development, upbringing and education of the "children of the sun". Modern statistics show that a child who grows up in a family achieves higher indicators in studies, sports, and career. The authors of the study note the peculiarities of teaching such children; on the basis of this, emphasis is placed on the importance of the correct selection of forms, means, and tools for teaching the profession. Thus, game forms of learning become relevant and significant; visual materials (pictures, drawings, diagrams); technical means (computers, tablets), etc. One of the important conditions of professional training is the development of independence among students with Down syndrome, the formation of skills necessary for success, adaptation, social regulation and skills preceding the choice of a profession. The article defines the goals of professional training of people with Down syndrome; describes the features of professional rehabilitation of this group; considers the main approaches to the correction of mental development. The recommended sequence of training in organizations engaged in the professional training of solar people is also presented.
Ontology and theory of cognition
114-125
The article analyzes the late works of R. Barth, in which structuralist positions receive criticism. Entering the translinguistic level of considering language brings Barthes not only to the problems of discourse, but also to the fundamentally textual nature of the observed world. The classification of the text makes obvious the dependence of both the author and the reader on the global text space, which not only devalues them, but also cancels the significance of the semantic, turning everything into a game of interpretation. Barthes associates a new approach to the text as a universal space with the depragmatization of codes, signs and sociolects. Contrary to expectations, this does not make the text clear and understandable, but dissolves the content of the work in the voices of social codes, finally losing the voice of the author and the reader’s desire to join in the meaning.
Social and political philosophy
125-133
In philosophy, autonomy is defined as the ability of a person to make choices, make decisions regardless of external factors. Its importance is especially evident in the modern information society. The surrounding information environment can both contribute to and limit the development of personal autonomy. The influence of digital technologies, social networks, mass media can lead to dependence on external assessments, opinions, loss of self-identification. Their continuous entry into all spheres of life creates the need for the ability to think critically, analyze, evaluate information in order not to lose their individuality, not to become a victim of manipulation, because every day a person leaves digital traces, revealing various aspects about himself, his life, providing his personal data to outsiders. This article is devoted to the study from various sides of human information autonomy, which is of key importance in the digital age, and explains how its violation can affect the protection of privacy, personal freedom, in particular, the ability to make independent decisions. Modern society places high demands on the development of personal autonomy, and therefore there is a need to create conditions for its formation and support, helping people to become independent, responsible and independent. It is also taken into account that the relevant ethical norms and laws should be aimed at ensuring a balance between the capabilities of technology and the rights of individuals to control their own information. A number of the following issues are being discussed. How to ensure that every individual has equal opportunities to receive and disseminate publicly available information, without allowing domination or censorship by other individuals or organizations? Is it possible to resolve the conflict between the desire for self-determination and the public interest in the availability of information? How should personal data be protected to prevent their unauthorized use or distribution? Are there restrictions on the collection, use of this information, what happens if these restrictions are violated? The problem of human information autonomy is a complex, multifaceted topic that is worth paying attention to in order to assess the possible consequences of the development of information technologies.