THE NATURE OF TEXT IN POSTSTRUCTURALISM

The problems of a new reading and understanding of the text, its universal expansion into human reality, which takes place in modern systems of explaining the position of a person in the world, have determined the specifics of poststructuralism and postmodernism. After a lifelong fascination with structures and the search for basic structures, an awareness of the all-encompassing textuality comes. At the first approximation, the text demonstrates, on the one hand, an amazing density and tenacity, from which it is impossible to tear even what is called a work, and on the other, the text shows an amazing fragility in terms of semantic, substantive and structural definition. To analyze such an unusual subject, a terminological apparatus is needed that can reveal at least the first approaches to its study. In this context, the experience of the literary direction of New Criticism and the theoretical school of Receptive aesthetics can be of invaluable help, which laid the foundation for the post-structuralist methodology of text perception and pronunciation, connotation and communication. The categories developed in them formed the subject base of postmodern practices, allowing them to open up new areas of meaning of the epoch-making style of thinking. In addition, New criticism and Receptive Aesthetics, as a definite reaction to positivist approaches to language, are developing new methods of analytical reading of the text. The key point is the juxtaposition of the text and the work, which shows the new nature of the text, makes the relationship between the author and the reader, the text and the author, the subject of special attention, disputes the value of the author and the author's idea. Any work reduces to methods of codification. The reader's instance decodes or even encodes the text, it is he who is perceived by the true author of the narrative outline of the work on the basis of his own horizon of expectation.